1. Social learning and catchment-management institutions in Southern Africa

3. Catchment-management institution Concerted action Social outcomes Social and physical context Policy Biophysical Economy Society Social Learning Process Stakeholder participation Interaction Content management Learning Modified after Craps & Maurel, 2003

6. Kuiseb Basin Management Committee (KBMC) Kat River Water User Association (KRWUA)

7. * must have ‘appropriate community, racial and gender representation’ Pollution control (polluter pays) Pollution control (polluter pays) Promotion of efficient water allocation Priority allocation to HDIs Promotion of efficient water allocation Priority allocation to HDIs Cost recovery – after free basic 25l per citizen Cost recovery Decentralised water-management institutions – catchment management agencies (CMAs) and water-user associations (WUAs)* Decentralised water-management institutions – basin management committees* Mandatory ‘ecological reserve’ for each river ‘ Duty-of-care’ towards the natural environment Water under State ownership – riparian principle overturned Water under State ownership – riparian principle overturned National Water Act RSA (1998) National Water Act GRN (2004)

8. Lack of information sharing [Over]abstraction from the lower aquifer Desertification and climate change High upstream-downstream mistrust Water Issues EU-funded action learning project – multi-stakeholder learning platform Continued under DWA as a BMC to test the new legislation KBMC history Very low population density Extreme socio-economic inequality Variable water use Socio-economic 440km long ephemeral river 0-400 mm/pa rainfall 85% evaporation Physical Catchment

9. Water allocation of the Kat reservoir: new demand from ex-Ciskei, the environment, & unscheduled farmers Water Issues Old irrigation board Commercial farmers approached RU Action research project KRWUA history High population density in upper Kat History of dispossession and tension Ciskei homeland bisected Kat valley Agricultural land use Socio-economic 80km long perennial river Relatively high rainfall (dual season) High evaporation Physical Catchment

10. Catchment-management institution Concerted action Social outcomes Social and physical context Policy Biophysical Economy Society Social Learning Process Stakeholder participation Interaction Content management Learning Modified after Craps & Maurel, 2003