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Ethics and Newspapers

Discussion About the Jayson Blair Episode
        and What It Means To Us

               Warren Watson
           Arizona State University
                    2012
What is Ethics?

•   The discipline dealing with what is right
    and wrong and with moral duty and
    obligation.
•   A set of moral principles or values.

    To be ethical is to conform to accepted
    professional standards of conduct
Ethics: What a Time!
•   Jayson Blair -- a 7,500-word bloodletting in
    The New York Times after dozens of Blair
    indiscretions and fabrications
•   Manipulated photos in the Los Angeles Times
•   Salt Lake City reporters selling stories to the
    National Enquirer
•   The Glass book
What of the Latest Problem:
Rick Bragg and Uncredited
        ‘Helpers?’
First, A Little History ...
Hearst, Pulitzer: The Journalism
         of Personality
Ethics and newspapers
Ethics and newspapers
‘Destruction
of the war ship
Maine was the
work of the
enemy’

‘Reward for the
conviction of
the criminals
who sent sailors
to their death’
500 Percent Growth

•   Hearst’s New York Journal enjoyed circulation
    growth of 500 percent in 1902-03:
•   “ The new journalism easily became yellow
    journalism, fraudulent and sensationalistic,
    selling violence, sex and scandal, and
    preoccupied with nothing but circulation.”
                                  circulation.”
                         --- Sharon Boswell, historian
1920s: A March Toward Ethics

•   In 1922, the American Society of
    Newspaper Editors adopted the first Code
    of Ethics and Canons of Journalism in the
    history of newspapers.
•   Important concepts: “A high trust,” “Honest
    journalism,” “Accuracy,” “Impartiality,”
    “Decency,” “Fair play.”
Growing Professionalism

•   Franklin Roosevelt
•   Press associations (AP, UPI)
•   Journalism education
•   Woodward and Bernstein
•   But a growing competition with TV, radio
    and the Internet by century’s end
The Pressure to Get it First …
…The Pressure to Get it Right!
•   Janet Cooke (at right)             1981-98:
    fabricates “Jimmy’s World”        Infamous
    in the Post and forfeits a
    Pulitzer                        Indiscretions
•   Chiquita Banana and Gannett
•   Glass’s fictional non-fiction
    in The New Republic
•   The Boston Globe makes it
    all up: Patricia Smith, Mike
    Barnicle (right)
•   Renewed calls to prosecute
    the story
What About the Business?
  What About Eroding Credibility?
“Why didn’t more of the subjects of
his (Blair) dozens of bogus stories
complain? … Are some readers so
jaundiced about the press that they
no longer even expect us to get stuff
right. Do they assume we just make
it up? Ouch.”
     --- Jonathan Alter, Newsweek columnist
And What of the Deposed
           Howell Raines?
•   How much of a factor was
    his almost arrogant,
    “unrelenting ferocity,” in the
    words of Newsweek?
•   Is workplace culture at the
    Times a factor in this
    credibility crisis?
•   What about your workplace
    culture?
What Are the Lessons of Jayson Blair?

  What Can We Take Away for the
     Newspaper as a Whole?

  How Do You Maintain an Ethical
          Workplace?
Some of Your Ethicical Issues

•   Undercharges at the Record-Eagle
•   Stealing coupon inserts
•   Role of the reporter and photographer
•   Fairness in hiring
•   Dealing with the big advertiser (auto dealer)
Ethics and newspapers

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Ethics and newspapers

  • 1. Ethics and Newspapers Discussion About the Jayson Blair Episode and What It Means To Us Warren Watson Arizona State University 2012
  • 2. What is Ethics? • The discipline dealing with what is right and wrong and with moral duty and obligation. • A set of moral principles or values. To be ethical is to conform to accepted professional standards of conduct
  • 3. Ethics: What a Time! • Jayson Blair -- a 7,500-word bloodletting in The New York Times after dozens of Blair indiscretions and fabrications • Manipulated photos in the Los Angeles Times • Salt Lake City reporters selling stories to the National Enquirer • The Glass book
  • 4. What of the Latest Problem: Rick Bragg and Uncredited ‘Helpers?’
  • 5. First, A Little History ...
  • 6. Hearst, Pulitzer: The Journalism of Personality
  • 9. ‘Destruction of the war ship Maine was the work of the enemy’ ‘Reward for the conviction of the criminals who sent sailors to their death’
  • 10. 500 Percent Growth • Hearst’s New York Journal enjoyed circulation growth of 500 percent in 1902-03: • “ The new journalism easily became yellow journalism, fraudulent and sensationalistic, selling violence, sex and scandal, and preoccupied with nothing but circulation.” circulation.” --- Sharon Boswell, historian
  • 11. 1920s: A March Toward Ethics • In 1922, the American Society of Newspaper Editors adopted the first Code of Ethics and Canons of Journalism in the history of newspapers. • Important concepts: “A high trust,” “Honest journalism,” “Accuracy,” “Impartiality,” “Decency,” “Fair play.”
  • 12. Growing Professionalism • Franklin Roosevelt • Press associations (AP, UPI) • Journalism education • Woodward and Bernstein • But a growing competition with TV, radio and the Internet by century’s end
  • 13. The Pressure to Get it First … …The Pressure to Get it Right!
  • 14. Janet Cooke (at right) 1981-98: fabricates “Jimmy’s World” Infamous in the Post and forfeits a Pulitzer Indiscretions • Chiquita Banana and Gannett • Glass’s fictional non-fiction in The New Republic • The Boston Globe makes it all up: Patricia Smith, Mike Barnicle (right) • Renewed calls to prosecute the story
  • 15. What About the Business? What About Eroding Credibility? “Why didn’t more of the subjects of his (Blair) dozens of bogus stories complain? … Are some readers so jaundiced about the press that they no longer even expect us to get stuff right. Do they assume we just make it up? Ouch.” --- Jonathan Alter, Newsweek columnist
  • 16. And What of the Deposed Howell Raines? • How much of a factor was his almost arrogant, “unrelenting ferocity,” in the words of Newsweek? • Is workplace culture at the Times a factor in this credibility crisis? • What about your workplace culture?
  • 17. What Are the Lessons of Jayson Blair? What Can We Take Away for the Newspaper as a Whole? How Do You Maintain an Ethical Workplace?
  • 18. Some of Your Ethicical Issues • Undercharges at the Record-Eagle • Stealing coupon inserts • Role of the reporter and photographer • Fairness in hiring • Dealing with the big advertiser (auto dealer)