1. Introduction to
Corrections
Chapter 14

2.  Physical Sanctions:
-positive
-negative (CJ system)
-economic
-physical
Corporal and Capital Punishment

3.  Torture:
-extract confession/info
-”intense pain…mind/body”
-pain not torture
-Courts: prohibit torture not pain
Corporal and Capital Punishment

4.  8th amendment: cruel and unusual punishment
-courts avoid specific definitions: look at
-shocks conscience of court
-violate evolving standards of decency
-disproportionate to offense
-wanton/unnecessary pain
-deliberate indifference
Corporal and Capital Punishment

5.  Evolving standards of decency:
 Where do the courts look?
 Pain itself not cruel/unusual
 Corporal punishment as discipline violates 8th
 Corporal punishment as sentence no violates 8th
Chief Justice Warren:
1958:
“evolving standards of decedent that mark the progress of a
maturing society”
Corporal and Capital Punishment

6. Gregg v. GA:
-capital punishment not cruel/unusual
-large proportion of society-appropriate
Jackson v. Bishop:
-whipping unconstitutional
-”offends contemporary concepts of decency”
How determine standards of decency?
-state legislatures
-represent “will of the people”
Corporal and Capital Punishment

7.  Corporal punishment:
-affects the body
-pillory: wooden frame on tall post/head/hands
-stocks: feet
-Boston-stocks
-1st customer was carpenter
Corporal and Capital Punishment

8. Pillory

9. Stocks

10.  Branding:
-forehead/cheek/shoulder/hand
-letter for crime
-hand-raised in court-criminal past

11. Branding

12.  Sticks/canes/rods/straps/rubber hoses
 1776-1829-debate focused on types of corporal
punishment versus penitentiaries
 What group was this used on routinely?
Whipping

16.  Means:
-hanging
-firing squad
-electric chair
-gas chamber
-lethal injection
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

28.  STATS: NO NEED TO WRITE DOWN:
-56%-south
-7% northeast
-98% male
-56% white
-42% black
-13% Hispanic
-2% other
-64% prior felonies (8% prior homicide)
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

29.  Leaving Death Row:
-executed
-appeal
-clemency-leniency
Reprieve: stay of execution for period of time
Commutation: reduction of penalty
Pardon: release for responsibility for crime
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

30.  Courts:
Furman v. GA (1972):
Cruel and unusual
 Arbitrary/capricious (majority)
 Uncontrolled discretion
Other justices:
 Unconstitutional by itself
 Bifurcated trials:
-guilt phase
-penalty phase (aggravating/mitigating)
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

31.  Abolitionists:
1. State laws
2. Supreme Court
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

32.  Cruelty?:
-electric chair
-gas chamber
-lethal injection
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

33.  Deterrent?:
 Specific
 General

34.  Fairness debate:
-Gender (443)
-Social class:
“searches in vain for affluent execution”
-Race:
-Age: under 18 cannot be executed
-Innocence-Todd Willingham (TX)