1. Corruption in Pakistan
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Corruption in Pakistan is widespread,[1] particularly in the government and lower levels of police forces.[2] The country has had a consistently poor
ranking at the Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index with scores of 2.5 in 2011,[3] 2.3 in 2010,[4] and 2.5 in 2009[5] out of 10.[6] In
[7]
2011, Pakistan ranked 134 on the index with 42 countries ranking worse. In 2012, Pakistan's ranking dropped even further from 134 to 139, making
Pakistan the 34th most corrupt country in the world, tied with Azerbaijan, Kenya, Nepal, and Nigeria.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 Recent events
2 National Accountability Ordinance
3 Media role in exposing corruption
4 Corruption by sector
o 4.1 Courts
o 4.2 Education
o 4.3 Health care
o 4.4 Law enforcement and the police
o 4.5 Public utilities
o 4.6 Sports

4. o 4.7 Taxation
5 See also
6 Further reading
7 References
8 External links
[edit]History
Pakistan was created as a result of the partition of subcontinent and the British left behind a strong bureaucracy and army. The country was divided
again when Eastern Pakistan seceded to formBangladesh. A factor in this division was that Bengal's elite and ruling class had been Hindus who were
[9]
displaced by the partition, while the Punjab's rich land-owning class were Muslims and so had retained power.
[edit]Recent events
According to calculations performed by Transparency International, Pakistan has lost an unbelievably high amount, more than Rs8.5 trillion (US $94
billion), in corruption, tax evasion and bad governance during the last four years of Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani’s tenure.[10] An adviser of
Transparency International acknowledged that "Pakistan does not need even a single penny from the outside world if it effectively checks the menace
of corruption and ensures good governance".[10] The Transparency International also noted that the four years of the present regime under Gilani had
been the worst in terms of corruption and bad governance in the country’s history.[10] Recently NAB chairman, a very respected and fair individual,
declared that corruption to the tune of 40 billion US dollars was being done annually in the country.[11]
[edit]National Accountability Ordinance
Individuals convicted under the National Accountability Ordinance are prohibited from holding political office for ten years.[12]
[edit]Media role in exposing corruption
Since the liberalization of the Pakistani media in 2002, many major corruption cases and scams have been unveiled by journalists. Notable among
them are:
The Registrar of the PMDC had to face corruption charges on 28 Dec 2012 Executive meeting.
Members accused him of corruption[13]. He is likely to go to Adiala jail following critical evidence
against him provided to the Chief Justice of Pakistan, although this confirmed schizophrenic, an ex-
Pakistan Army medic kicked out of military on medical grounds following charges of pethidine
addiction and having been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is frequently seen in hi-profile parties of
Islamabad's elite. PMA has highly criticized presence of this American dual national in destroying the
medical education system. He operates a network of medical colleges in the name of close family
associates..
The Pakistan Steel Mills Rs.26 billion scam;[14]

5. [15]
National Insurance Company Limited scandal;
[16]
Bribery and corruption in Pakistan International Airlines which caused losses of $500 million;
[17]
Embezzlement in Pakistan Railways causing massive financial losses;
[18]
Hajj corruption case;
[19]
NATO containers' case where 40 containers heading for ISAF in Afghanistan went missing;
[20]
Rental power projects corruption
Ephedrine quota case, a scandal involving the son of former Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani to
pressure officials of the Health Ministry to allocate a quota of controlled chemical ephedrine to two
[21]
different pharmaceutical companies.
Malik Riaz’s 'Media Gate' in which the son of Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad
Chaudhry is said to have taken money from Malik Riaz to give favourable decisions from the Supreme
Court.
“Malik Riaz case proved that the media can hold the judiciary and even itself accountable,” says Javed Chaudhry, columnist and anchorperson working
with Express News. “This case, along with the missing persons' case has established impartiality and credibility of the media in its fight against
corruption."[22]
[edit]Corruption by sector
[edit]Courts
Further information: Court system of Pakistan
In 2010, 69% of those surveyed reported that they or someone in their household was subjected to an act of corruption when interacting with the
judicial system. Of 339 affirmative respondents asked to identify the actors involved in corruption, 119 said court employees, 84 said a public
prosecutor, 50 said a witness, 44 said a judge, 29 said an opponent lawyer, 16 said magistrates, and 12 said others.[23][24]
[edit]Education
Further information: Education in Pakistan
As of 2010, 24% of those surveyed reported that they themselves or a family member received educational admission through non-normal. The
countries biggest issue is presence of non uniform educational system.On one hand there are institutions modeled on western educational system;
This system is run by private sector educational institutes that charge fees an ordinary citizen cannot afford. So essentially these institutes are utilized
by the elite class( Politicians, Technocrats, Bureaucrats,Business class) .The same is also the reason for deteriorating standards of Public Sector
educational institutes.As the elite class only enroll there children in private schools modeled on western institutes.
Then there are Government run public schools that face increasing challenges and due to incompetence of consecutive Governments has only
accelerated the rate of their decline. Lack of funding, Elite class non utilization, Poor Governance, Under qualified Faculty are some of the reasons for
their falling standards. Corruption in education sector is not a novice in Pakistan . Embezzlement of funds, Thousands of ghost schools ( those that

6. only exist in papers), taking bribe to sell confidential material to candidates,Poor utilization of funds, Educational Ministry run by illiterate politicians that
lack vision for education.
The health education regulating authority PMDC is one of the most corrupt organizations in the world. Recently they recognized a dental college in
[25]
Abbottabad, abbottabad international medical college's dental section, that never had a single dental chair.It has recognized the medical colleges
that never had the faculty or even a hospital. The usual modus operandi is paying up to 10 crore (US$1.0million) in bribes to a network of lawyers and
personal assistants operated by a retired major of Pakistan army who was boarded out of the military since he was declared a schizophrenic. Now this
schizophrenic is appointed in the organisation as a registrar maintaining two wives, one in the US. He evaded FIA's attempts to put him on ECL. Rather
he is known to have systematically eliminated his opponents from the PMDC on flimsy grounds through a powerful network of corrupt politicians. His
name is maj retired ahmed nadeem akbar known king of corruption (see how he defied an FIA inquiry due to his connections with the corrupt
[26]
individuals in power,the agencies and his mother's influence ). He is the main conduit of billions of ruppees of kickbacks taken in the past eight
years. The king of corruption has, for ever, destroyed the legitimacy of medical practitioner's degree recognizing institution in this thirld world country.
[edit]Health care
Further information: Health care in Pakistan
In 2010, 42% of surveyed individuals reported gaining access to hospital services by a method other than standard admission, and 48% reported either
having to pay additional costs for essential services or being forced to utilize the services of a designated affiliate. Of the respondents who were asked
to identify which parties orchestrated the corrupt acts, 61% reported hospital staff, 25% reported doctors, and 13% reported nurses. [24] One of the
largest fake charities in the world operated by professor aj khan that collects donations from its worldwide network of offices and launders money to
Cayman Islands.See his profile at Wikipedia, he has made billions with fake charity. All they do is make few YouTube videos and make fool of naive
guillable Arab sheikhs. shaheena jamil hospital at abbottabad, as confirmed by all the medical community, is a private money-minting entity without any
fear of Allah.[27] Shaheena Jamil, herself an exconcubine of an ex-KPK governor and owner of fmc, runs one of the largest prostitution networks at
frontier medical college and is notorious for her alcohol and porn shows at her estate especially arranged for the evil minded provincial and federal civil
administration. All those beautiful female students who dared to refuse to attend these galas at her home were either punished with low grades or were
demoted in professional exams.[28] Shaheena jamil, a close relative of maulana fazlur rehman, was recently involved in an incident at Pakistan Institute
of Medical Sciences ISLAMABAD WHERE HER BODYGUARDS RUTHLESSLY TORTURED THE DOCTORS OF THE ELITE MEDICAL
[29]
INSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN OF PAKISTAN IN OCTOBER 2012.
[edit]Law enforcement and the police
Further information: Law enforcement in Pakistan
Corruption is evident in the lower levels of the police in Pakistan.[2] In fact, many citizens believe that the police is the most corrupt sector of the
Pakistani government.[24] In July 2010, the Transparency International noted that the major cause for corruption in this sector was due to the lack of
accountability and merit, and low salaries.[2] Payment of bribes in order to escape and avoid charges was also commonplace; 31% of 4,224
respondents reported paying bribes to the police.[24]
In 2005, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz ordered an investigation into claims by a 23-year-old woman who alleged that, in retaliation for attempting to
reveal police corruption, police falsely detained her for fifteen days and raped her.[30]

7. [31][32]
As of 2010, videos captured of officers taking bribes in various locales such as Peshawar and Quetta have been uploaded to YouTube.
[edit]Public utilities
Further information: Electricity sector in Pakistan
[23]
As of 2002, 96% of surveyed individuals reported corruption issues with electrical utility officials during the past year. The most common types of
corruption were billing related. Some consumers admitted to illegally reducing their utility bills, while others reported being harassed with inflated bills
intended to solicit bribes. Out of the pool of corruption-affirmative respondents, 71% reported that money was "demanded directly by the
[23]
actor". Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness. Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Just
as a weed spread in the field and affect the yield of the crop. Corruption is the mother of other problem such as unemployment which will be discussed
later. According to latest report of Transparency International, Pakistan has been ranked at 42nd number among the most corrupt nations of the world.
From clerical staff to higher offices and administrator, all are involved in corruption of one kind or the other. Corruption in government departments is so
much deep-rooted that a common concept prevails that the system doesn’t let honest people to work peacefully. There is a lack of responsibility due to
which wealthy people and those in power are sure that they can’t be held responsible for their deeds. So they keep on looting the national treasures
and find ways to legalize their black-money. Many corrupt people don’t even bother to do that.
[edit]Sports
See also: Pakistan cricket spot-fixing scandal
In August 2010, reporters from News of the World orchestrated a sting operation which was able to identify three Pakistani cricket players – Salman
Butt, Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir – and a bookmaker Mazhar Majeed of being complacent in a row over spot-fixing in the fourth England-
Pakistan test match at Lord's.[33] The cricketers each received 30 months, one year and six months jail term respectively while the bookmaker received
two years and eight months jail term in a verdict issued by the Southwark Crown Court on November 3, 2011. [34][35][36][37] Following these events, on 15
November 2011, the chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board, Zaka Ashraf established an anti-corruption unit to prevent players from becoming
involved in illegal betting practices.[38]
[edit]Taxation
Further information: Taxation in Pakistan
According to the 2002 study, 99% of 256 respondents reported facing corruption of taxation. Furthermore, 32% of respondents reported paying bribes
to have their tax assessment lowered, and nearly 14% reported receiving fictitious tax assessments until a bribe was paid. [23]
[edit]See also
Government of Pakistan
Asif Ali Zardari
[edit]Further reading
"National Corruption Perception Survey, 2010" (PDF). Transparency International–Pakistan. 2010-06-
01.

8. "How Integrity Pacts Helped Generate Market Competition in Pakistan" (PDF). Transparency
International–Pakistan.
"Annual Report on Pakistan" (PDF). Transparency International–Pakistan. 2009.
[edit]References
1. ^ Susan Rose-Ackerman. Corruption and good governa. United Nations Development
Programme. p. 4.
a bc
2. ^ Pakistan, "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices", Bureau of Democracy, Human
Rights, and Labor(United States Department of State), 4 August 2011, retrieved 10 December
2011
3. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index (2011)". Transparency International. Retrieved 10 December
2011.
4. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index (2010)". Transparency International. Retrieved 10 December
2011.
5. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index (2009)". Transparency International. Retrieved 10 December
2011.
6. ^ Marie Chêne, Overview of corruption in Pakistan, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre
7. ^ "Pakistan less corrupt, according to global corruption list". The Express Tribune. 1 December
2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
8. ^ http://www.dw.de/rule-of-law-can-end-corruption-in-pakistan/a-16431781
9. ^ Aftab Ahmad (2001), "Historical antecedents of corruption in Pakistan", The political economy
of corruption
10. ^a bc
DEsk. "Rs 8,500 bn corruption mars Gilani tenure: Transparency". GEO NEWs, Pakistan.
Retrieved 27 April 2012.
11. ^ http://www.nab.gov.pk
12. ^ Pakistan, "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices", Bureau of Democracy, Human
Rights, and Labor(United States Department of State), 2004-02-25, retrieved 2010-11-07
13. ^ http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/islamabad/29-Dec-
2012/dr-asim-eyes-top-position-in-pmdc
14. ^ http://tribune.com.pk/story/380063/rs26-billion-corruption-nab-given-3-months-to-probe-steel-
mills-case/
15. ^ http://dawn.com/tag/nicl-corruption-case/
16. ^http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/02/26/news/national/500m-corruption-in-pia-says-pti/

9. 17. ^http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2010/11/22/news/national/railways-2009-10-audit-highlights-
massive-corruption-and-losses/
18. ^ http://dawn.com/tag/hajj-corruption-case/
19. ^ http://archives.dawn.com/archives/43563
20. ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-15546-US-starts-probe-into-RPPs-scam
21. ^ http://www.awaztoday.com/issues/Ephedrine-Quota-
Case.aspx?pageid=6&typeid=0&pageno=1
22. ^ http://tribune.com.pk/story/412036/pakistani-medias-fight-against-corruption-a-case-study-for-
afghan-media/
a bc d
23. ^ "Nature & Extent of Corruption in the Public Sector" (PDF). Transparency International–
Pakistan. 2002. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
24. ^a bc d
"National Corruption Perception Survey, 2010"(PDF). Transparency International–
Pakistan. 2010-06-01.
25. ^ http://www.nation.com.pk
26. ^ www.defence.pk/forums/social-issues-current-events/60435-pmdc-registering-fake-
doctors.html-
27. ^ http.nation.com.pk
28. ^ www.paktribune.com
29. ^ www.nation.com.pk
30. ^ "Pakistan police in rape, corruption probe". The New Zealand Herald. 2005-09-01. Retrieved
2010-11-07.
31. ^ "Pakistan Police corruption". YouTube. 2009-09-28. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
32. ^ "Pakistan Police taking bribe". YouTube. 2009-08-10. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
33. ^ "Lord's Test at centre of fixing allegations". CricInfo(ESPN). 28 August 2010. Retrieved 10
December 2010.
34. ^ "Pakistan cricketers and agent jailed for betting scam".BBC News. 3 November 2011.
Retrieved 10 December 2011.
35. ^ Scott, Matt (3 November 2011). "Pakistan spot-fixing players and agent sentenced to lengthy
jail terms". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 10 December 2011.
36. ^ Kelso, Paul (3 November 2011). "Pakistan spot-fixing scandal: convictions of Salman Butt,
Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir just one step on a long road". The Telegraph (UK).
Retrieved 10 December 2011.
37. ^ Marsden, Sam (3 November 2011). "Cricketers jailed for match-fixing". The Independent (UK).
Retrieved 10 December 2011.

10. 38. ^ Bolton, Paul (15 November 2011). "Pakistan sets up anti-corruption unit in attempt to
eradicate fixing menace". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 10 December 2011.
[edit]External links
Corruption in Pakistan at Transparency International–Pakistan
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Corruption in Asia
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Socio-economic issues in Pakistan
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