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Chlorine Hazards 2009

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Chlorine Production and Uses
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This web seminar will enable the participant to
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Production Hydro Power Major petrochemical users Adapted from Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5 th ed, Vol. 6, p. 191
Chlorine Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Consumption ,[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Helps Make… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Properties
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physical / Chemical
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physical / Chemical
Physical / Chemical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Release Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Properties of Chlorine – Vapor Pressure
Properties of Chlorine – Liquid Density
Health Effects of Chlorine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 3 0 OXY
Health Effects of Chlorine Exposure Death within a few minutes 1,000 ppm Death within 30 minutes 430 ppm Inflammation of lung tissues (toxic pneumonitis) and fluid accumulation (pulmonary edema) 40-60 ppm Immediate chest pain, vomiting, shortness of breath (dyspnea) and cough 30 ppm Upper respiratory tract irritation 5-15 ppm Mild mucous membrane irritation 1-3 ppm Health Effects Concentration (ppm in air)
Exposure Limits for Chlorine Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 3 20 AIHA Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) 10 NIOSH Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 2 3 AIHA Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 1 NIOSH Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 1 OSHA Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) 0.5 NIOSH Description Permissible Exposure ppm Standard Setting Body
Chlorine Transfer Operations
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
Chlorine Transfer Operations
Chlorine Re-packagers Data from Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 10 - 2005 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Chlorine Transfer Operations From CSB DPC-Glendale Report Dry air or N 2 Chocked rail car Scrubbing solution (usually caustic) Container being filled (on scale)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine Transfer Operations
Water Disinfection with Chlorine
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine in Water Treatment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chlorine in Water Treatment
Chlorine in Water Treatment To injection point Vacuum Chlorinator Cabinet Chlorine Ton Containers in Water Treatment System (usually in separate building / room, with independent ventilation. May exhaust to scrubber)
Chlorine in Water Treatment 1-Ton Cl 2 Container Spare Container(s) Trap HTR Eductor To Water System Vapor PSL PE PY Chlorinator Loss of Vacuum Shut-off Clean Water Source Storage Shed Ventilation Out (may go to scrubber) Ventilation In Drain AAH Heater Chlorine Sensor / Alarm
Chlorine Incident History
IMIS* Chlorine Incidents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Based on review of IMIS data only (i.e. no further analysis). Incident = Cl 2 release and acute exposure where injury or fatality is noted.
IMIS* Fatal Chlorine Incidents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMIS* Fatal Chlorine Incidents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMIS* Chlorine Incidents Related to Chemical Manufacturing (SIC 28) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMIS* Chlorine Incidents Related to Chemical Manufacturing (SIC 28) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cl 2 Release DPC Enterprises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSB Issues with DPC Cl 2 Release ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chlorine Specific PSM Issues
 
Process Safety Information 1910.119 (d): Piping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Process Safety Information (d) (Piping) cont.
Process Safety Information (d) (piping) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Piping) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Piping) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Vaporizers) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Process Safety Information (d) (Bulk Container Unloading) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Process Safety Information (d) (Bulk Container Unloading) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Storage Systems) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (General Process) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Process Safety Information (d) (Scrubbers) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Scrubbers) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Safety Information (d) (Packaging / Processing) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Hazard Analysis 1910.119 (e) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operating Procedures 1910.119 (f) (Bulk Container Unloading) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operating Procedures (f) (Packaging / Processing) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training - 1910.119 (f) (employees and contractor) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Training (g) (Employees and Contractor) cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pre-startup Safety Review 1910.119 (i) ,[object Object]
Mechanical Integrity 1910.119 (j) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Mechanical Integrity (j) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical Integrity (j) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical Integrity (j) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Honeywell - Baton Rouge Incident Timeline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Honeywell Baton Rouge Incident Timeline cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
Honeywell Citations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Honeywell Citations (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Honeywell Citations (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Honeywell Citations (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Closing

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Chlorine Hazards 2009

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  • 5. Chlorine Production Hydro Power Major petrochemical users Adapted from Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5 th ed, Vol. 6, p. 191
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  • 14. Properties of Chlorine – Vapor Pressure
  • 15. Properties of Chlorine – Liquid Density
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  • 17. Health Effects of Chlorine Exposure Death within a few minutes 1,000 ppm Death within 30 minutes 430 ppm Inflammation of lung tissues (toxic pneumonitis) and fluid accumulation (pulmonary edema) 40-60 ppm Immediate chest pain, vomiting, shortness of breath (dyspnea) and cough 30 ppm Upper respiratory tract irritation 5-15 ppm Mild mucous membrane irritation 1-3 ppm Health Effects Concentration (ppm in air)
  • 18. Exposure Limits for Chlorine Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 3 20 AIHA Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) 10 NIOSH Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 2 3 AIHA Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 1 NIOSH Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 1 OSHA Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) 0.5 NIOSH Description Permissible Exposure ppm Standard Setting Body
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  • 22. Chlorine Re-packagers Data from Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 10 - 2005 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
  • 23. Chlorine Transfer Operations From CSB DPC-Glendale Report Dry air or N 2 Chocked rail car Scrubbing solution (usually caustic) Container being filled (on scale)
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  • 32. Chlorine in Water Treatment To injection point Vacuum Chlorinator Cabinet Chlorine Ton Containers in Water Treatment System (usually in separate building / room, with independent ventilation. May exhaust to scrubber)
  • 33. Chlorine in Water Treatment 1-Ton Cl 2 Container Spare Container(s) Trap HTR Eductor To Water System Vapor PSL PE PY Chlorinator Loss of Vacuum Shut-off Clean Water Source Storage Shed Ventilation Out (may go to scrubber) Ventilation In Drain AAH Heater Chlorine Sensor / Alarm
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