Introduction to Open Educational Resources for Faculty

1. Catch the Wave of the Future:OER - Open Educational Resources and Open TextbooksAn Introduction to Faculty Vicky Moyle, Instructor, General Studies, Mathematics Bellingham Technical College September 16, 2010

2. What’s it all about, and why should I care? What are OER & Open Textbooks? What brought us here? “Why now?” “Where do I fit in (and do I want to?)” Discover some resources “What can I / should I do?”

3. What is OER? Educational materials shared openly Courses, articles, videos, modules, textbooks, files – usually digital Licensed but free to end user Available to use, reuse, repurpose, remix, redistribute - IMPROVE

4. What has enabled OER?

5. Student PIRGsDriving Action in Textbook Affordability

6. Students average $900 per year on textbooks

7. Prices rising 2x the rate of Inflation (some estimates are now 4x !)

8. Publishers had too much power – Instructors had limited influence Students had virtually none Publisher STUDENT INSTRUCTOR

9. Price Disclosure Laws Minnesota Arizona Colorado Missouri Connecticut Washington Oregon Oklahoma Federal Law in 2010 Washington Governor signs HB 2300 with WashPIRG students.

10. Change in Philosophy Open Source Software movement Openness and “architecture of participation” (O’Reilly 2003) “Knowledge as a collective social product” (Prasad & Ambedkar cited in Downes 2007:1) OPENING UP EDUCATION

16. http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/online-education/2008/01/10/a-new-physics-superstar.html

22. Emergence of Alternative Licenses

23. Creative Commons: Facilitating Sharing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3rksT1q4eg

24. http://www.flickr.com/photos/courosa/2922421696/

25. http://veja.abril.com.br/imagem/professorantenado.jpg

26. http://www.flickr.com/photos/stylianosm/3706684606/

27. http://www.flickr.com/photos/langwitches/3460307056/

30. 23-Campus Calstate Senate passed voluntary adoption guidelines

32. Give preference to a low or no cost educational resource such as an open textbook over an expensive textbook if it best fits the needs of a class.

34. Why would anyone provide free content? Knowledge should be free Education is a basic human right Education should have barriers removed Education should be customized & localized

36. Maybe You are… INSPIRED: Interested in using Open Educational Resources in your classes? Already using or developing OER? SKEPTICAL: Concerned about the quality of existing resources, or applicability to your classroom? Doubtful that you now have the time and skills needed to develop or adapt open content materials? Concerned about giving away intellectual property? Doubtful about an efficient transition to OER?

37. Sustainable Model Revenue streams must extend beyond start-up Infrastructure must have continual upgrade Content must have continual upgrade Plan for Staff development Measurable & proven effectiveness Market and measure the benefits to students Market and measure the benefits to developers and authors Evaluation must be built-in

38. Seven Myths aboutOpen Textbooks Open Textbooks and eBooks are the same. Creators never receive monetary compensation for open textbooks. All open textbooks are crowd-sourced, i.e., created by anonymous amateurs. Campus bookstores suffer from the use of open textbooks. (A fact; not a myth but we are working to change this.) Derivatives damage the author’s reputation. Open textbooks are low quality or out-of-date with expired copyrights. Publishers are enemies of open textbooks. 9/18/2010 36

39. Publisher Textbooks are bought and sold several times, but the publisher only profits on the first sale Bookstore used books Students Problem: Evolved Model that hurt publishers

40. Open Textbooks: A Solution Publisher Student Professor P Make the market more student-centric, without undermining faculty—give instructors more say too Open Textbooks

41. Open Textbooks: A Solution Publisher The normal supply chain is restored & publishers gain the opportunity to sell directly to students Bookstore Students P Open Textbooks Rework publishing models to be more efficient and sustainable

42. No textbook fit exactly All or nothing Student complaints about high prices More complaints if only a few chapters were used Louder complaints if they had to find their own supplemental materials Uncertainty aboutwhat’s fair and legal to use 9/18/2010 40 Instructor’s Dilemmaswith Traditional Textbooks and Supplemental materials

43. Instructors need QUALITYMost important issue Accurate content Inviting presentation Meet needs and expectations Peer reviewed / vetted Current Adhere to professional standards Accessible, localized Requires constant evaluation

44. Redefine the model and the “text.”

45. Formats go beyond traditional textbooks: Accessible free online by the public Downloadable, typically as a PDF Available in print

46. Modifiable by the instructor Digital, Modular Adaptable Low cost to the students Usually free for those with computers and internet access Printable for free or a small fee (costs for ink and paper) Sometimes available in bound copies for $10-$40 Labeled for reuse by MrKCoolsPhotostream 9/18/2010 44 An open textbook is…

47. What makes a textbook open? SOME rights reserved vs. ALL rights reserved

48. Open licenses legally grant the right to: Make copies and change formats Distribute copies Create customized versions Remix (AS LONG AS ATTRIBUTION IS MADE)

49. Content is like traditional textbooks: Table of contents, chapters, index Written by expert author Edited and reviewed

50. Open Textbooks – new editions on your own terms 76%of faculty say new editions are justified half the time or less.

51. Open Textbooks Benefits For instructors: All students have access to the text New editions are optional Ability to customize Corrections are immediate

52. Open Textbooks – type of format on your own terms 75% Print 25% Digital Students show a strong preference for print as their primary format.

53. Open Textbooks Benefits For students: Students choose their preferred format (print, PDF, online, etc.) Online access is free, other formats are optional and fairly priced

54. Open Textbooks Benefits For colleges: Greater access to education for more students Save money Textbooks customized to a specific population

56. Circumvents two major challenges:

57. Used book death spiral no longer a threat

59. Through the NSF

60. Highest enrollment first

61. Must have plan for marketing

63. Open Textbook Models A First Course in Linear Algebra By Robert A. Beezer http://linear.ups.edu Individual authors: Personally motivated Sabbatical time/grant funding Count open textbooks toward tenure? Motivated by fame, if not fortune? PDF: FREE Online: FREE Print: $27.95

64. Institutional projects: A consortium of nearly 100 community colleges is pooling resources to write and review texts Rice University founded CNX.org, a platform that hosts numerous open textbooks Hewlett & Maxfield Foundations funded the creation of a new open textbook projects Collaborative Statistics By B. Illowsky & S. Dean cnx.org/content/col10522

65. Two Community College Organizations Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources (CCCOER) : Over 97 colleges join to give 2-year schools a big voice in open textbooks and more Community College Open Textbooks Collaborative (CCOTC) : A group of 12 organizations (FHDA, FDLC, CNX and more) funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation to increase the demand and supply of open textbooks Take a look at the websites…. 9/18/2010 58

66. CCCOERoerconsortium.org 9/18/2010 59

67. Goals of CCCOER The primary goal of the Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources is to identify, create and/or repurpose existing OER as Open Textbooks and make them available for use by community college students and faculty. We seek the support of faculty to identify, review, evaluate, and make available high quality, accessible and culturally relevant model Open Textbooks. The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement encourages the creation of free, high-quality content for community college courses to replace commonly used textbooks. By promoting OER, community colleges can create sustainable academic resources for students and provide professional development opportunities for faculty. A wealth of public domain and fair use learning materials are currently available via the internet that faculty can repurpose for use in their classes to replace some of the books required for purchase by students.

68. CollegeOpenTextbooks.org 9/18/2010 61

69. CCOTC Goal To adopt at least 10 open textbooks suitable for use in courses that meet community college General Education requirements by faculty in at least 40 community colleges, representing at least 5 states, within 2 years, (by June 2011). 9/18/2010 62

72. Like a publisher site, only better

73. Reviews written by experts

74. Watch for new books

77. 11 books in spring 2009

79. Peer Reviewed Top Authors The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Professionally Developed Fully Supported

80. Open Open License Open Platform The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Top Authors Authors

81. Open Free No Access Codes Inside LMS The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Top Authors Authors

82. Free Open Alternate Formats Softcover Print The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Top Authors Audio Self-Print Authors Kindle/Sony (coming)

83. Efficient Study Aids Free Open Audio Study Guides Online Practice Quizzes Digital Flashcards The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Top Authors Alternate Formats Authors

84. Collaboration Free Open The Flatworld Model Get Adoptions Make Money Grow Value Open Textbooks Social Learning Affordable Choices Top Authors Alternate Formats Efficient Study Aids Authors

87. Why use OER and Open Textbooks? Reduce the costs of education to learners Make education globally accessible Collaborate, share and partner to use and provide open content Recognize creators and authors Increase quality while localizing content Improve our competitive edge Avoid duplication of effort Change a culture

88. Open Textbooks Benefits Customize to suit YOUR needs and your students Modular – use only the chapters YOU want Adapt to learning styles, cultures, geographies, and more Save paper, toner, and weight Collaborative - feedback from teachers and students to the creators (authors, illustrators, publishers, editors, technologists, etc.) Dynamic - Global textbook improvement Saves money Free for those with computers or readers and Internet access Low cost for printed and bound Even classes without open textbooks benefit because students can afford to take more classes Photo by Fragmented CC licensed 2008 9/18/2010 77 77

89. Introduction to Economic Analysis R. Preston McAfee, Caltech ISBN: 160049000X Used at: Harvard, NYU, Cal Poly, UC-Santa Barbara, Caltech, Oregon State, Claremont McKenna…. www.introecon.com Online: Free PDF/Word: Free Hard copy: $11.10

90. How to Select Open Textbooks Read the peer reviews; talk to other adopters Compare your selections on quality, fit, interoperability, accessibility, printability, cost for printing, cost for bound copies Select the best fit & remember: you can make it fit better! For reuse by sp3ccylad's photostream 9/18/2010 79 79

91. Discover, but not this way Results 1 - 10 of about 130,000,000 for chemistry 9/18/2010 80 80

92. Discover open textbooks this way… 9/18/2010 81

93. Connexions website:cnx.org 9/18/2010 82

94. Collaborative Statistics By Barbara Illowsky and Susan Dean cnx.org/content/col10522

95. Download PDF or print Read online version Purchase printed copy

96. Purchasing a hard copy through print on demand publisher QOOP Inside an Open Textbook

97. Key term links to definition Click here to print out Navigate table of contents

98. Start here with the peer reviews.. Full review available with comments and ratings for each chapter 9/18/2010 87

102. What Our Institution Can Do Colleges can offer support to faculty interested in adopting or writing open textbooks.

103. Instructors can seek & consider open textbooks, and use other cost reducing practices.

104. What else can Instructors do? Start small by identifying usable content already available in the library or in an OER project Develop collaborative relationships within and external to the institution Communicate with students, administration, colleagues Advocate for faculty development opportunities Sign the statement of intent Write a textbook review (some $ available) Spread the word Learn, explore

105. 9/18/2010 94 Steps to Adopt an Open Textbook Discover Select Adopt Use San Miguel stairs creative commons licensed by larry&flo 2007 94

106. How you can Use the Open Textbook Use for reading and homework only Use in classroom via laptops Linkin Learning Management System Remediation Lifelong learning 9/18/2010 95 95

107. Adopt and Use Plan the class Choose the parts of the textbook that fit Add other open resources Announce to the stakeholders – See next slide Labeled for reuse by wockerjabby's photostream 9/18/2010 96 96

108. The Downside… Can require organized, coordinated effort Books need reviewers There are not yet enough open texts Possible hidden infrastructure costs

109. Stakeholders Curriculum Committee, Department, Dean or other group that approves textbook adoptions Restrictions on computer/internet access requirements Colleagues College Bookstore College Library Media center Print Shop Teaching assistants Students well in advance Counselors & DSS 9/18/2010 98 98

110. Thinking About Authoring Your Own Open Textbook OR Creating Own Version of Existing Open Text?

112. Operable

113. Understandable

114. RobustJAWS – screen reader software – authors need to make their texts compatible

116. New Commercial Platforms DynamicBooks: the new generation of interactive textbooks http://www.dynamicbooks.com/

118. Open Textbooks: Top Reasons Low-costbooks and supplements Use new editions on your terms Make book fit your course Doesn’t have to change your life very much Do change student’s – choice for the first time Level the playing field instantly – *IF* everyone has internetaccess No more access codes Integrate into your LMS Support a market-based solution.

119. Learn more BTC Resources wiki: http://btcresources.wikispaces.com/ Center for Open Sustainable Learning: http://cosl.usu.edu/ Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/ UNESCO: http://www.unesco.org/iiep/eng/focus/opensrc/opensrc_1.htm Open CourseWare Consortium: http://www.ocwconsortium.org/index.html Connexions: http://cnx.org Sakai: http://www.sakaiproject.org/ Merlot: http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm

120. Learn more Some Specific ExamplesA High School Biology Textbook Textbooks for the California Learning Resource Network – These textbooks have already undergone peer-review. Open Textbook CollectionsCommunity College Open Textbook Collaborative - This should be our first stop. I liked the amount of finished work represented by this project and the fact that they have English textbooks. OER Commons - There are a lot of textbooks here that will be of interest to us. Under recommended resources click on "textbooks.“ Open Textbook Catalog: studentpirgs.org/open-textbooks Project Sites for OER and Open TextbooksSophia Open Content Initiative - This is from De Anza and a good example of a grant-driven project in California. Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources - This project site has a lot of useful links. Open Education Resources Center for California - This is a good site for more information and resources in California. Making Textbooks More Affordable: a report of the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance.

121. Open textbooks…the wave of the futureCatch it. 9/18/2010 107

122. Thank You

123. This work was created and remixed by Vicky Frankfourth Moyle with original material and from: Geoff Cain, College of the Redwoods, California http://www.slideshare.net/geoffcain/open-textbookspresentation Nicole Allen for Student PIRGs www.studentpirgs.org/open-textbooks “Building a Global Teaching Profile” by Michael Paskevicius, Michelle Willmers and Cheryl Hodgkinson Williams of the University of Cape Town http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi/building-a-global-teaching-profile-showcasing-open-educational-resources-at-the-university-of-cape-town “How to Adopt an Open Textbook” by a grant from Open Textbook Advocates This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 USA License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/za/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.