The narrative text describes the story of Babu and the lion. It begins by introducing Babu, a slave who escapes into the forest from his abusive master. He finds shelter in a cave but is frightened to discover a lion outside. However, the lion is tame and injured, silently asking Babu to remove a thorn from its paw. Babu helps the lion and they become friends, resolving the initial conflict introduced in the story. The text uses language features common in narratives such as action verbs, adjectives, past tense and reported speech to describe the sequence of events in the plot.

2. When do I use it?
To tell or explain
how things work
or why something
happens.

3. What features might I find
inside?

5. What should I write?

6. What should I
write?

7. What should I write?

8. Explanation text
Procedure text

10. Frogs are amphibians. Amphibians spend part of their lives
under water. Young frogs start their life in water as tadpoles.
First, the female frog lays lots of eggs so some will survive from
being eaten by fish and other animals. The eggs are smakk and often
laid inside white foam.
Next, the eggs hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles have gills so
they can breath under water and a strong tail to help them swim.
As the tadpoles grow bigger, they start to change because
they need to become a frog. Their tail becomes smaller and they
begin growing legs. The back legs grow firs followed by the front legs.
Tadpoles also start to develop lungs because they have to be
ready to breathe on land when they become a frog.
Tadpoles may be found in billabongs, lakes, swamps or even
in puddles after heavy rain.
Scientific words
Action verbs
Sequencing words and cause and effect

11. *

13. Discussion Organisation 1
for
against
* point +
elaboration
*
“
*
“
* point +
elaboration
*
“
*
“

14. Discussion Organisation 2
Introduction
Arguments for:
*
*
* etc
Arguments against:
*
*
* etc
Conclusion

15. Discussion Organisation 3
Introduction
Point 1: for
against
Point 2: for
against
Point 3: for
against
Conclusion

16. Discussion Language Features
* present tense
* abstract nouns
Things that you cannot see or
touch
e.g
justice
* third person
answer
trust
* logical connectives
belief
* discussion
conventions (see page 9)
* complex sentences
hope
despair

17. Zoos were originally set up so that people could see and learn
about wild animals from distant lands. As more and more people
became city-dwellers, never seeing animals in the wild, zoos
began to house local creatures too. However, in today’s world, are
zoos really necessary?
Since people can now see any sort of wild animal in its natural
habitat, simply by tuning into a TV programme or buying a video,
some animal rights activists claim that zoos are out of date.
They argue that it is cruel to capture animals, transport them long
distances, and then keep them caged up simply for the
entertainment of human beings. Captive animals often develop
‘zoochosis’ – abnormal behaviour like rocking or swaying – which
indicates they are bored and unhappy in their prison-like
conditions.

18. On the other hand, there is a huge difference between
watching an animal on screen and seeing it in real life. It could
be argued that visiting a zoo is educational, often increasing
people’s concern for wildlife and conservation, which is of great
importance in today's developing – and often overdeveloped –
world. Indeed, sometimes the only way to save an endangered
species may be to arrange for it to be breed in captivity.
Behind the scenes, zoos also provide scientists with
opportunities to research into animal behaviour: modern zoos
can therefore be much better planned than old-fashioned ones,
providing animals with carefully designed enclosures
appropriate to their needs.
It seems then, that there are still arguments for retaining
zoos. These should, however, be carefully planned with the
animals’ welfare in mind: in the modern world, there is no
excuse for keeping animals in cramped or cruel conditions.

19. Don’t need
anymore
originally for
people to
see animals
now have TV,
video
catch,
transport, cage
Cruel
TV not as
good as
real life
increase people’s
interest in animals
Conservation
zoochosis
just for
entertainment
zoos educational
endangered species
breed in zoos
scientists can
research in zoos
Not cruel
well planned
enclosures

21. OBJECTIVES
Identify elements of narrative text.
Define elements of narrative text.
Demonstrate mastery of narrative
text elements.

22. OVERVIEW

23. Theme
Plot
- exposition statement
Setting
- rising action
Characters
- conflict
Point of view
- climax
- falling action
Characterization
- resolution

24. THEME
The main idea of a literary work, usually
expressed as a generalization.
SETTING
The time and place in which a
work of literature happens.

25. CHARACTERS
The people (actors) in the story.
POINT OF VIEW
The story teller from whose point
of view the story is being told, the
narrator.

26. CHARACTERIZATION
The description of the personalities of
the characters in the story and the
way in which an author reveals their
personalities.

27. PLOT
The sequence or order of events in a story. The plot includes :
Exposition statement - the part of the plot that tells how the story begins.
Rising action - the action in the story leading up to the climax.
Conflict - struggles or problems between opposing forces.
Climax - the point of crisis in the plot. It may be the reader’s point of
highest interest.
Falling action - the action in the story after the climax is revealed.
Resolution - the part of the plot that reveals the final outcome.

28. PLOT
DIAGRAM

29. Narrative is kind of text that’s used
to entertain and amuse the
readers. It is a fiction text.
Kinds :
1. Folktales
2. Fable
3. Fairytales
4. Legend
5. Myth
Generic structure
(steps) :
a. Orientation
b. Complication
c. Climax
d. Resolution
(conclusion)
e. Reorientation –
optional (moral
value)
Language Features:
-The use of action verbs
-The use of adverbs,
adjective, and noun
phrase
-The use of past forms
-The use of conjunctions
-The use of reported
speech
-The use of passive voice

30. Babu and the Lion
One day, there was a slave whose name was Babu. His master was
very, very bad. You know, he often punched Babu and did not offer him
food for days. Poor Babu! So he escaped into a forest and slept in a cave.
(ORIENTATION)
Next morning, he heard a loud roar. In front of him...., at the mouth
of the cave..., was a very big lion. You see, Babu was scared to death!
Kind of scary, isn’t it? But he could not escape. But the lion didn’t attack
him. It was tame. (COMPLICATION)
There was a large thorn in its right front foot. The lion lookedat
Babu. It seemed to say something like:”Please help me. It’s very
painful.” Babu walked bravely to the lion and pulled out the thorn.
(CLIMAX)
Babu and the lion turned out to be friends. (RESOLUTION)

31. Babu and the Lion
One day, there was a slave whose name was Babu. His
master was very, very bad. You know, he often punched Babu
(adj)
(past tense)
and did not offer him food for days. Poor Babu! So he escaped
into a forest and slept in a cave.
(CONJUNCTION)
Next morning, he heard a loud roar. In front of him...., at the
(adverb)
mouth of the cave..., was a very big lion. You see, Babu
(noun phrase)
was scared to death! Kind of scary, isn’t it? But he could not
escape. But the lion didn’t attack him. It was tame. There was
a large thorn in its right front foot. The lion looked at Babu. It
seemed to say something like:”Please help me. It’s very
painful.”
(reported speech)