Climfull

Perceived Autonomy Support: The Climate Questionnaires

Scale Description
One of the central tenets of SDT is that the quality of social contexts influences the motivation,
performance, and well-being of individuals who operate within them. The theory uses the
concept of autonomy support versus control to characterize the quality of social environments,
hypothesizing that autonomy-supportive social contexts tend to facilitate self-determined
motivation, healthy development, and optimal functioning.

In much of the SDT field research, we are concerned with the degree to which the social context is
autonomy supportive for target individuals such as students, employees, patients, or athletes.
These scales concern the degree to which the target individuals perceive people in positions of
authority--their teachers, managers, health care providers, or coaches--to be autonomy supportive.
Thus, whereas the Motivator’s Orientation Scales are complete by people in positions of authority
about themselves, the Climate Questionnaires are completed by the individuals over whom they
have authority. The Climate Questionnaires yield a score on a 7-point scale which indicates the
degree to which health care providers, instructors, managers, or coaches are perceived to be
autonomy supportive. Higher scores indicate greater perceived autonomy support. Each
questionnaire can be used either in a long, 15-item version, or a short 5-item version. Across
domains, the alpha coefficient of internal consistently is virtually always above 0.90. The short
form may be slightly less but has always been good.

There are four Climate Questionnaires presented here, each on its own page.

* The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ)

* The Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ)

* The Work Climate Questionnaire (WCQ)

* The Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ)

The Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ)
The HCCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. There
are also variants to the questionnaire. Specifically, depending on the issue being examined, the
HCCQ can be used to assess patients’ perceptions of the degree to which their specific doctor is
autonomy supportive, or it can be used to assess patients’ perceptions of the degree to which their
team of health care providers is autonomy supportive. The latter would be more appropriate for
example, if patients are seeing several providers within a clinic to deal with a particular problem.
For example, patients with diabetes may see a physician, a nurse educator, and a dietician, all
working together to treat the disease. If a researcher were interested in the relation between
physician’s interpersonal style and their patients’ motivation, behavior, and health, the
questionnaire is best used with respect to the individual doctor. If the research question concerns
the interpersonal climate of a clinic or group of providers, the word “providers” or “practitioners”
is substituted for “physician” or “doctor.” Below, you will find the 15-item version of the
questionnaire, worded in terms of “my physician.” If you would like to use the 6-item version,
simply reconstitute the questionnaire using only items # 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14.

Scoring: Scores on both the 15-item version and the 6-item version are calculated by averaging
the individual item scores. However, for the long version, before averaging the item scores, you
must first “reverse” the score of item 13 (i.e., subtract the score on item 13 from 8 and use the
result as the item score for this item--for example, the score of 3, when reversed would become 5).
Higher average scores represent a higher level of perceived autonomy support.

************

Health-Care Climate Questionnaire

This questionnaire contains items that are related to your visits with your doctor. Physicians have
different styles in dealing with patients, and we would like to know more about how you have felt
about your encounters with your physician. Your responses are confidential. Please be honest
and candid.

1. I feel that my physician has provided me choices and options.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
strongly neutral strongly
disagree agree

2. I feel understood by my physician.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

3. I am able to be open with my physician at our meetings.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

4. My physician conveys confidence in my ability to make changes.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

5. I feel that my physician accepts me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

6. My physician has made sure I really understand about my condition and what I need to do.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

7. My physician encourages me to ask questions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

8. I feel a lot of trust in my physician.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

9. My physician answers my questions fully and carefully.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

disagree agree

10. My physician listens to how I would like to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

11. My physician handles people's emotions very well.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

12. I feel that my physician cares about me as a person.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

13. I don't feel very good about the way my physician talks to me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

14. My physician tries to understand how I see things before suggesting a new way to do
things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

15. I feel able to share my feelings with my physician.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

************

Articles that have Used the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (or
an earlier version).

Williams, G. C., Cox, E. M., Kouides, R., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Presenting the facts about
smoking to adolescents: The effects of an autonomy supportive style. Archives of Pediatrics and
Adolescent Medicine, 153, 959-964.

Kasser, V. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The relation of psychological needs for autonomy
and relatedness to health, vitality, well-being and mortality in a nursing home. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology, 29, 935-954.

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998).
Autonomous regulation and adherence to long-term medical regimens in adult outpatients.
Health Psychology, 17, 269-276.

Williams, G. C., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Supporting autonomy to motivate
glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 21, 1644-1651.

Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996).
Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 70, 115-126.

Williams, G. C., Gagné, M, Ryan, R, M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Facilitating autonomous
motivation for smoking cessation. Manuscript under editorial review.

************

The HCCQ as a rating device.

The HCCQ was designed to be used by patients to report their perceptions of their doctors or their
team of health care providers. However, it has also been used effectively for having trained
observers rate the autonomy supportiveness of a provider, based on listening to tape recorded
interactions between providers and patients. Observers have some initial training until they are
able to achieve high inter-rater reliability with other observers. The rater listens to the tape and
responds to each item as if he or she were the patients. The score for the provider’s rated autonomy
support is the average of the 15 ratings. Typically, in studies that involve ratings, there are at least
two raters so as the assure reliability. These can be used in two ways. Either the scores of two or

more raters can be averaged, or, if the analyses are being done by Structural Equation Modelling,
the average rater score for each of three raters can be used as indicators of the latent variable “rated
provider autonomy support.”

This method was used in the following study.

Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (in press). Activating patients for smoking cessation through
physician autonomy support. Medical Care.

The Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ)
The LCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. The
questionnaire is typically used with respect to specific learning settings, such as a particular class, at
the college or graduate school level. Thus, the questions are sometimes adapted slightly, at least in
the instructions, so the wording pertains to the particular situation being studied--an organic
chemistry class, for example. In these cases, the questions pertain to the autonomy support of an
individual instructor, preceptor, or professor. If, however, it is being used to assess a general
learning climate in which each student has several instructors, the questions are stated with respect
to the autonomy support of the faculty members in general. Below, you will find the 15-item
version of the questionnaire, worded in terms of “my instructor.” If you would like to use the 6-item
version, simply reconstitute the questionnaire using only items # 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14.

Scoring: Scores on both the 15-item version and the 6-item version are calculated by averaging the
individual item scores. However, for the long version, before averaging the item scores, you must
first “reverse” the score of item 13 (i.e., subtract the score on item 13 from 8 and use the result as
the item score for this item--for example, the score of 3, when reversed would become 5). Higher
average scores represent a higher level of perceived autonomy support.

************

Learning Climate Questionnaire

This questionnaire contains items that are related to your experience with your instructor in this
class. Instructors have different styles in dealing with students, and we would like to know more
about how you have felt about your encounters with your instructor. Your responses are
confidential. Please be honest and candid.

1. I feel that my instructor provides me choices and options.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

2. I feel understood by my instructor.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

3. I am able to be open with my instructor during class.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

4. My instructor conveyed confidence in my ability to do well in the course.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

5. I feel that my instructor accepts me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

6. My instructor made sure I really understood the goals of the course and what I need to do.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

7. My instructor encouraged me to ask questions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

8. I feel a lot of trust in my instructor.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

9. My instructor answers my questions fully and carefully.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

10. My instructor listens to how I would like to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

11. My instructor handles people's emotions very well.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

12. I feel that my instructor cares about me as a person.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

13. I don't feel very good about the way my instructor talks to me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

14. My instructor tries to understand how I see things before suggesting a new way to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

15. I feel able to share my feelings with my instructor.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

************

Articles that have Used the Learning Climate Questionnaire

Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors’ autonomy support and

students’ autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory
perspective. Science Education, 84, 740-756.

Williams, G. C., Saizow, R., Ross, L., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Motivation underlying career
choice for internal medicine and surgery. Social Science and Medicine, 45, 1705-1713.

Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical
students: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70,
767-779.

Williams, G. C., Wiener, M. W., Markakis, K. M., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (1994). Medical
student motivation for internal medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 327-333.

The Work Climate Questionnaire (WCQ)
The WCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. The
questionnaire is typically used with respect to specific work settings, such as teams or work groups
that have one manager, and the wording can be changed slightly to specify the particular situation
being studied. In these cases, the questions pertain to the autonomy support of the respondent’s
manager. If, however, the WCQ is being used to assess a general work climate that goes beyond a
particular work group, the questions are stated with respect to the autonomy support in general of
the managers of that company, department, or organization. Below, you will find the 15-item
version of the questionnaire, worded in terms of “my manager” (or supervisor). If you would like to
use the 6-item version, simply reconstitute the questionnaire using only items # 1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14.


************

Work Climate Questionnaire

This questionnaire contains items that are related to your experience with the manager who is your
most immediate supervisor. Managers have different styles in dealing with employees, and we
would like to know more about how you have felt about your encounters with your manager. Your
responses are confidential. Please be honest and candid.

1. I feel that my manager provides me choices and options.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

2. I feel understood by my manager.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

3. I am able to be open with my manager at work.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

4. My manager conveyed confidence in my ability to do well at my job.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

5. I feel that my manager accepts me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

6. My manager made sure I really understood the goals of my job and what I need to do.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

7. My manager encouraged me to ask questions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

8. I feel a lot of trust in my manager.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

9. My manager answers my questions fully and carefully.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

10. My manager listens to how I would like to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

11. My manager handles people's emotions very well.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

12. I feel that my manager cares about me as a person.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

13. I don't feel very good about the way my manager talks to me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

14. My manager tries to understand how I see things before suggesting a new way to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

15. I feel able to share my feelings with my manager.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

************

Articles that have Used the Work Climate Questionnaire

Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Intrinsic need satisfaction as a motivational
basis of performance and well-being at work. Unpublished manuscript, Fordham University.

(Available from any of the authors.)

The Support Climate Questionnaire (SCQ)
The SCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. The
questionnaire is typically used with respect to specific coaches or individuals in comparable
positions with respect to a sport or physical activity. The wording can be changed slightly to
specify the particular situation being studied. The questions then pertain to the autonomy support
of the respondent’s coach, trainer, or sport/exercise instructor. Below, you will find the 15-item
version of the questionnaire, worded in terms of “my coach” (or trainer). If you would like to use
the 6-item version, simply reconstitute the questionnaire using only items # 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14.


************

Support Climate Questionnaire

This questionnaire contains items that are related to your experience with your coach (trainer).
Coaches have different styles in dealing with athletes, and we would like to know more about how
you have felt about your encounters with your coach. Your responses are confidential. Please be
honest and candid.

1. I feel that my coach provides me choices and options.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

2. I feel understood by my coach.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

3. I am able to be open with my coach while engaged in athletics.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

4. My coach conveyed confidence in my ability to do well at athletics.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

5. I feel that my coach accepts me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

6. My coach made sure I really understood the goals of my athletic involvement and what I
need to do.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

7. My coach encouraged me to ask questions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

8. I feel a lot of trust in my coach.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

9. My coach answers my questions fully and carefully.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

10. My coach listens to how I would like to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

11. My coach handles people's emotions very well.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

12. I feel that my coach cares about me as a person.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

13. I don't feel very good about the way my coach talks to me.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

14. My coach tries to understand how I see things before suggesting a new way to do things.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

15. I feel able to share my feelings with my coach.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
disagree agree

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