presentation on fire escaping systems and design practices....

1. Fire Escaping
Systems
By:
Vinay.M
08011BB032
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
School of Planning and Architecture,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Hyderabad.

2. Fire escape:
• a special kind of emergency exit.
• provides a method of escape
• often found on multiple-
story residential buildings
• they have fallen out of common use

3. Contents…
• Why…?
• How to escape…?
• Methods to escape fire …?
• Designs aspects…?

4. Economic Aspects Of Fire:
Losses & Expenditure…
• suppression
• lives
• prevention
• Property
• protection
• Use
• insurance
• by Injury
• research &
development

5. Low rise…

6. ESCAPE ROUTES:
• There must be at least one escape route from
a. the main entrance door of every flat or maisonette
b. the door of every communal room
c. from every plant room.
• An escape route must lead to a place of safety
a. directly
b. by way of a protected zone
c. by way of an access deck or access balcony

7. In case of under ground fire
• Egress windows…
• Windows Below Ground Level:
a)Sill height of window above floor: Not to exceed 44”
b)Minimum opening area: 5.7 sq. ft.
c)Minimum opening height 24”
d)Minimum opening width: 20”

9. HOW To ESCAPE THE
FIRE…

10. • Escaping with elevators.
• Escaping through staircases.
• Rescuing people by firemen and rescue
services.
• Rescuing with a telescopic ladder.
• Rescuing people through the windows.
• Emergency escaping with the 'rescue
hose'

11. four distinct Stages:
• Stage 1 – escape from the room or area of fire origin.
• Stage 2 – escape from the compartment of origin via the
circulation route to a protected stairway or an adjoining
compartment offering refuge.
• Stage 3 – escape from the floor of origin to the ground
level.
• Stage 4 – escape at ground level away from .
•

12. Means of escape from fire…
• Time of evacuation
• Travel distances
• Number of Occupants
• Calculation of Exit Widths
• Calculation of Minimum Number of Exits

14. Time of evacuation:
• Class ‘A’ construction – 3 minutes
• Class ‘B’ construction – 2.5 minutes
• Class ‘C’ construction – 2 minutes

15. Number of Occupants
• Number of Occupants
• Density Factor
• Persons who may use the building
• Calculating the Number of Occupants

16. Travel Distance:
Places of Relative Safety
• A storey exit into a protected stairway or to the lobby of a
lobby approach stairway;
• A door in a compartment wall or separating wall leading
to an alternative exit;
• A door which leads directly to a protected stair or a final
exit via a protected corridor.

17. Calculation of Exit Widths
• U = N / (40 x T)
Where: -
U = number of units required;
N = number of occupants;
40 = standard rate of flow – constant;
T = Flow time (i.e. 3 mins for Class ‘A’, 2.5 mins for
Class ‘B’ and 2 mins for Class ‘C’)

18. Calculation of Minimum
Number of Exits
• E=U/4+1
E = number of exits
U = number of units of exit width (from exit width
formula);
4 = size of largest exit permitted.
1 added to ensure there would always be at least one
unit.

19. Methods & Designs practiced
for escaping fire…

20. • PRESSURISED STAIRCASE

21. functioning
a) A Supply Air System designed to
blow into the protected spaces a
sufficient quantity of air to
maintain the required pressure
level or air velocity. This will
always be fan powered.
b) An Exhaust Air System to enable
the pressurising air to escape
from the unpressurised areas of
the building via the fire floor.
This can be either a natural or fan
powered method.

22. Escape chute system:
• Vertical escaping chute
• Inclined chute
• Single entry chute
• Multiple entry chute
• Residential chute

23. Vertical chute:

24. Inclined chute
• prefer to slide to safety, rather than escape vertically.

25. Single
entry
chute &
multiple
entry
chute

26. Residential chute
• Weighing 13kgs / 28lbs the
frame can be carried from one
room to another, or from one
balcony to another on the
same level.

27. Hanging rope fire escape:

28. Fire escaping stairs
A fire escaping stair is a
special kind of emergency exit, usually
mounted to the outside of a building or
occasionally inside but separate from the
main areas of the building.

29. Escaping stairs..
• Drop ladder

30. • Counterbalanced Stairs

31. • Gooseneck ladder

32. THANK YOU…