Top-down schema reading skills demonstration: finding the outline map of the passage

1. Identifying the outline map in reading ( A ) Victor GAO Zhejiang International Studies University 3 April 2011

2. How to read a passage Writer’s knowledge

3. How to read a passage Writer’s knowledge

4. Sharing with the writer Reader’s knowledge Writer’s knowledge

5. Sharing with the writer Reader’s knowledge Writer’s knowledge

6. Common core shared Writer’s knowledge Reader’s knowledge

7. The more we share, the easier our reading will be Common core shared

8. What is skimming like?

9. The eagle is the reader the landscape is the passage

10. We usually read like this 1 2 3 4 9 5 6 7 8

11. We usually read like this 3 2 1 4 5 6 7

12. 1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking. 3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

13. 1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking. 3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

14. 1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking. 3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

15. How do paragraphs relate to each other? 1 2 3 4 9 5 6 7 8 ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？

16. When we can’t find the map… we may only see paragraphs, but not the passage !

17. we then can’t see the passage we may only see paragraphs, but not the passage !

18. But there IS a map in the passage 3 2 4 5 6 7 1

19. An outline map of passage 6 2 7 5 3 4 1

20. It is the relationship between paragraphs 6 2 7 5 3 4 1

21. If we find the outline map of a passage like this 6 2 7 5 3 4 1

22. Or if we find the outline map of a passage like this 6 2 7 5 3 4 1

23. Then we see all the paragraphs as a whole piece We see how the paragraphs are related!

24. The map is the relationship between paragraphs 6 2 7 5 3 4 1

25. When we see it, we see the passage organization

26. Reading is like dismantling 拆卸 an ox 庖丁解牛

27. Not only do we see the ox

28. but its muscles

31. Then it is the topic in each para that determines the map

32. The Cambrian Explosion A reading passage for senior middle school learners 高 歌 浙江外国语学院 2011 年 3 月

33. Cambria is in Wales, UK

34. where lots of fossils like these were found

35. Fossils of tri lo bita 三叶虫

36. where lots of fossils like these were found

37. The fossils were found under sediments 沉积体

38. Let’s read for topics in the outline map

39. Paragraph One Cambrian Explosion

40. 4 Topic? 7 3 2 6 5

58. 4 Cambrian explosion 7 3 2 6 5

59. Paragraph Two Cambrian Explosion

60. Cambrian explosion Topic?

75. Questions & search for answers

76. Cambrian explosion Questions & search for answers

77. Cambrian explosion Topic? Questions & search for answers

78. Paragraph Three Cambrian Explosion

91. Soft-bodied animals were fossilized

92. Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers

93. Topic? Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers

94. Paragraph Four Cambrian Explosion

101. Ediacara’s weren’t ancestors of modern animals

102. Ediacara’s weren’t ancestors of modern animals Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Topic?

103. Paragraph Five Cambrian Explosion

116. Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

117. Ediacara’s weren’t ancestors of modern animals Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

118. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Topic? Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

119. Paragraph Six Cambrian Explosion

120. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Topic? Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

132. Burgess Shale has modern animals, some are unassignable or extinct

133. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion Topic? Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

134. Paragraph Seven Cambrian Explosion

142. Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment

143. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment . Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

144. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment . Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

145. Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Questions & search for answers Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment Soft bodied animals were fossilized

146. Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Questions & search for answers Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment Soft bodied animals were fossilized

147. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment . Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Burgess Shale has modern animals, some unassignable or extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

149. The Cambrian Explosion Vocabulary Learning Victor GAO Zhejiang International Studies University 3 April 2011

150. Cambrian Explosion

152. 地球地质史

153. Geologic time scale 地球地质史

154. Cambrian explosion 寒武纪大爆发

155. eukaryotic 真核生物

156. eukaryotic eukaryotic 真核生物

157. eukaryotic eukaryotic 真核生物

158. multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life

159. Sedimentary rocks 沉积岩

160. Diversification of animals 动物的多样化（进化）

161. Fossil of fish 鱼化石

162. Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

163. Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

164. Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

165. 寒武纪三叶虫 trilobite

166. Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

167. Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

168. Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

169. Diversification of animals

170. Cambrian Explosion 物种多样化的迅猛进化

171. Cambrian Explosion 物种多样化的迅猛进化

172. Cambrian Explosion 物种多样性的迅速进化

173. Anomalocaris 奇虾

174. Anomalocaris 奇虾

175. Predator Anomalocaris

176. Predator Anomalocaris

177. Predator Anomalocaris

178. Predator Anomalocaris

179. Predator Anomalocaris 掠食者 奇虾

180. Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

181. Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

182. Wiwaxia fossil 威瓦虾虫化石

183. 落基山寒武纪生物化石群

184. 落基山寒武纪生物化石群

185. Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

186. Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

187. Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

188. Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

189. Fossil of fish 鱼化石

190. Origin of Eden

192. 庖丁解牛

195. 庖丁解牛 游刃有余

196. 庖丁解牛 游刃有余

197. 庖丁解牛 游刃有余

199. Not only we see the ox

200. But its skeleton

201. Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment . Soft-bodied animals were fossilized Questions & search for answers Burgess Shale has modern animals, some are extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants

202. Burgess Shale has modern animals, some are extinct Tommotian leaves no modern animals descendants Ediacara’s weren’t modern animal ancestors Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of animals Questions & search for answers Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment Soft bodied animals were fossilized