2. Texonomy
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Protozoa
Subphylum Sarcomastigophora
Class Mastigophora
Genera Trichomonas
Species T.feotus
T.vaginalis
T.gallinae
3. General characteristics
Imp. Pathogen in cattle(host)
Present in reproductive tract & on the
surface of the bull’s penis & prepuce
Prevelence was all over the world but now
decreasing due to AI
Transmitted to cows during coitus
Most cows self-cure after developing
immunity.
Bulls however are permanent carriers and
sources of infection
4. Structure
Pear shaped
Size 20 x 10 micron meter
3 free flagella anterior (total 4)
1 makes the undulating memberane
Microtubules forms tube like axostyle
which forms the skeleton & gives shape
Axostyle which run from the nucleus down
the center of the body and extend from the
end of the body.
Possess an undulating membrane extend
the entire length
5. Single nucleus is also present
Shows jerky movement in the fresh
discharge of bull & cow due to the flagella
and undulating memberane
Type: Mucosoflagellated Protozoa
This is a parasite of the reproductive tract
of bovines.
The parasite is transmitted by coitus
7. Sign and symptoms:
IN BULL
The severity of the disease varies from
mild to sever
Asymptomatic in bull
Inflammed prepuce
IN FEMALE
Low grade inflammation
Severity
Poor conception rate
8. Pathogenesis:
Early abortion occurs 1 to 16 weeks
after fertilization. If the fetus and all the
fetal membranes are not excreted from the
cow, the cow may die or become sterile. If
the fetus and the membranes are passed
the cow may become immune to the
parasite
Bulls serve as the carries. The parasite
can even survive in frozen semen.
9. LIFE CYCLE
Direct: Cattle become infected by direct
contact with the trophozoite stage during
coitus
cysts are not formed
Transmission may also occur during
artificial insemination
Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary
fission
Uterine discharge, irregular estrus cycles,
and permanent sterility can result
10.
11. Cont....
If bull is infected with trichomonas, animal
remain infected for whole life
These are present in the perpitual cavity
The pathogenic lesions that are
associated with small vacuoles in the
perpitual cavity
They are transmitted from bull to cow by
coitus
They move from vagina to uterus
When it is in uterus it causes LOW
GRADE ENDOMATRITIS(heamorhage in
12. If animal is pragnant abortion may occure
In cow-abortion before 4 th month otherwise
cow normally recovered
The featel memberane retained & it
causes ENDOMETRITIS which disturbs
the normal cycle due to persistant
discharge bcz cow remains in an esterus
phase,cervix remains closed when
excessive virulent discharge from the
female repr.tract due to T.featus
PYOMETRA (pus in uterus) or it is
infection in uterus
13. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on microscopic
evaluation of the trophozoite stage
A positive diagnosis of bovine
trichomoniasis requires the isolation of
trophozoites 10-15 microns long with 3
anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum,
seen by microscopic examination of
vaginal mucus or saline washings of
preputial or fetal tissues
15. Treatment and Control
By using AI(artificial insemination)
technique
Anti-protozool drug
No treatment for cows(autoimmune)
Bulls can be treated, but the
antitrichomonal salves used to treat,it
takes a lot of time and is expensive
To control this parasite bulls that are
infected should not be put with a herd of
cows
16. Cont...
Infected bulls should be slaughtered, if not
valuable
Wash uterus with iodine solution with
antibodies for desiring of next parturation