Dr. Waqas Nawaz PMAS arid agriculture university rawalpindi pakistan

1. FEED ADITIVES, THEIR
CLASSIFICATION, MODE OF
ACTION & USES IN RUMINANTS
Submitted to: Dr. Tanveer Ahmad
Submitted by: Muhammad Umar
11-arid-959
DVM 3rd Semester

2. Feed Additives
• Non-nutritive product
• Added to feed;
 to improve the quality of feed
 to improve the animals’ performance & health
• Improve feed quality
• Affect characteristics of animal product
• Promote growth
• control disease
• Affect the color of ornamental birds and fish
• Fulfill the nutritional needs

3. Cont ……
 minimize the incidence of bloat
 Acidosis
 reduce liver abscesses
 control problems of foot rot
 control parasitic diseases

4. Classification
 Feed Additives are divided into five group.
 Technological additives
 Improve feed quality
 hygiene characteristics
 Sensory additives
 Improve the palatability of feed
 Increase the appitite

5. Cont ……
 Nutritional additive
 Provide specific nutrient to animal
 Zootechnical additives
 These additives improve the
nutrient status of the animal
 Coccidiostats and Histomonosta
 They control the intestinal health

6. Mineral as supplement
 Ca is necessary in blood coagulation
 P play role in muscle contraction,
energy production and appetite.
 Mn play role in milk production.
 Mg involve metabolism of carbohydrate
lipid and protein .
 K,Na and Cl maintain acid:base balance
and body fluid .

7. Vitamins
• Vitamin B12 is produced for ruminant animals
• Needed for;
 cell growth
 energy metabolism
 wool production
• Vitamin A play role in;
 healthy skin
 nerve tissue
 help in building up resistance to infection
 eyesight.
• Vitamin E play role in;
 normal reproduction
• Vitamin K;
 necessary for the maintenance of normal blood coagulation
• Vitamin D is necessary in;
 normal bone formation

8. Enzyme as Feed Additives
• All enzyme feed additives are considered
under the regulation by the FDA.
• Enzyme used to remove anti-nutritional factor
from feed
• increase the digestibility of existing nutrient
• They also effect gastrointestinal microflora
• on the ruminant animal itself
• Motivatethe rumen microbial synthesis of
protein and VFA production.
• Enzyme play role in fiber digestion.

9. Mode of Action
• Enzyme-mediated alteration of the feed prior to
consumption likely has ramifications on ruminal
and post-ruminal digestion of nutrients
• Enzyme act directly on feed and increases
digestive activity through effect on ruminal
microorganism
• Enzyme remain active in lower digestive track
• play role in fiber digestion
• Their main role to improve the efficiency of feed
utilization in ruminants
• reduce waste production

10. Antibiotics
• formation of bacterial cell
• causes the bursting of cell
• act on gram +ve and –ve bacteria
• Example;
Bacitracin
Streptomycin
Virginiamycin
Flavomycin

11. Ionophores
• transform the microbial fermentation
• increase the utilization of feed and gain
• Lasalocid and Monensin etc
• change the types of fatty acids
• increase capture of feed energy
• performance improves

12. Probiotics
• Opposite of antibiotics
• have a +ve effect on the host
• detoxify the harmful metabolites
• helpful in improving nutrient availability
• Use as milk replacers
• increase the growth of beneficial micro-flora
• Decrease the growth of pathogenic bacteria

13. Oligosaccharides
• Fermented in the intestine
• Nutrient source for lactic acid producing
bacteria
• Fermented by favorable bacteria
• Microbial number may be increased

14. Yeast Cultures
Progress the…
 feed efficiency
Feed gain
Health
Increased DMI
pH of rumen
nutrient digestibility

15. Uses of feed additive
• Greater milk production
• Increasing the protein and fat in milk
• Improve DMI
• Motivate VFA production
• Increase digestion
• Stabilize the rumen environment and ph

16. Cont..
• Improve growth
• Improve feed efficiency
• reduced heat stress

17. NSP
• Enhance the digesta-viscosities
• also on the intestinal microflora
• located in the cell walls
• partial hydrolysis of pentosans and ß-glucans

18. Coccidio-stat
• prevent and treat coccidiosis in livestock
• It act as ionophores.
• prevent coccidiosis in sheep and goats.

19. MGA
• Suppress estrus and Increase feed efficiency
• It elevates progesterone levels
• Inhibits the heat
• ovulation in animal

20. Buffers
• combination of acid and salt
• Decrease the rate of acidosis
• Example;
Potassium carbonate
Magnesium oxide
THANK YOU