1. by-
V.A.THEJASREE

2.  Introduction
 Steps of catalytic reaction
 Catalyst characterization
 Chemical and surface properties
 Catalyst activity testing
 Recent trends.

3.  24% of GDP from Products made using catalysts
(Food, Fuels, Clothes, Polymers, Drug, Agro-
chemicals)
 > 90 % of petro refining & petrochemicals processes
use catalysts
 90 % of processes & 60 % of products in the chemical
industry
 > 95% of pollution control technologies
 Catalysis in the production/use of alternate fuels
(NG,DME, H2, Fuel Cells, biofuels…)

4.  For discovery/use of alternate sources of
energy/fuels/raw material for chemical industry
 For Pollution control
 For preparation of new materials
(organic & inorganic-eg: Carbon Nanotubes)

5. Industrial catalysis-from 2000+ :-
 Solid catalysts for biodiesel
- solid acids, Hydroisom catalysts
 Catalysts for carbon nanotubes
- Fe (Ni)-Mo-SiO2
Fordeveloped-mainly improvementinperformancebynewsynthesismethods&useof
promoters

6.  Green Chemistry is Catalysis due to:-
Pollution control (air and waste streams;
stationary and mobile)
Clean oxidation/halogenation processes
using O2,H2O2 (C2H4O, C3H6O)
Avoiding toxic chemicals in industry
(HF,COCl2 etc)
Fuel cells (H2 generation)

7.  Catalysis in the Chemical Industry:
 Hydrogen Industry(coal,NH3,methanol, FT,
hydrogenations/ HDT, fuel cell)
 Natural gas processing (SR,ATR,WGS,POX)
 Petroleum refining (FCC, HDW, HDT, HCr, REF)
 Petrochemicals ( monomers, bulk chemicals)
 Fine Chem. ( pharma, agrochemical, fragrance,
textile, coating, surfactants, laundry etc)
 Environmental Catalysis ( auto exhaust, deNOx, DOC)

8. Steps of Catalytic Reaction:-
- Diffusion of Reactants (Bulk to Film to Surface)
- Adsorption
- Surface Reaction
- Desorption & Diffusion of Products

12. reactants
products
reactor
catalyst support
active
site
substrate
adsorption
reactiondesorption
bed of
catalyst
particles
porous
carrier
(catalyst
support)
product

13.  Bulk Physical Properties
 Bulk Chemical Properties
 Surface Chemical Properties
 Surface Physical Properties
 Catalytic Performance

14.  Elemental composition (of the final catalyst)
 Thermal Analysis(DTA/TGA)
 electron microscopy (SEM,TEM)
 NMR/IR/UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
 bulk & surface structure.
 Texture :Surface area- porosity
 Counting “Active” Sites:
-Selective chemisorption (H2,CO,O2, NH3,
Pyridine,CO2);Surface reaction (N2O)
 Spectra of adsorbed species (IR/EPR/ NMR)

15.  Catalyst Activity Testing :
Activity to be expressed as:
- Rate constants from kinetics
- Rates/weight
- Rates/volume
- Conversions at constant P,T and SV.
- Temp required for a given conversion at
constant partial & total pressures
- Space velocity required for a given
conversion at constant pressure and temp

16.  Alternative feedstock's, reagents, solvents, products
 Enhanced process control
 New catalysts
 Greater integration of catalysis and reactor engineering:
membrane reactors, micro reactors, monolith technology,
phenomena integration
 Increased use of natural gas and biomass as feedstock
 Photodecomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen
 Catalysts for depolymerizing polymers for recycle of the
monomers
 Improvements in fuel cell electrodes and their operation

17. THANKS FOR PROVIDING THIS
OPPURTUNITY AND SPECIAL THANKS
TO MY BROTHER V.A.CHAITANYA.

18. Thank
you