1. STATE AND THE SOCIETY
MIDTERM PERIOD

2. THE PHILIPPINES


3. COUNTRY PROFILE
 COUNTRY NAME:
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
 NATIONALITY : FILIPINO
 LOCATION – SOUTHEAST ASIA ARCHIPELAGO
BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINE SEA AND THE WEST
PHILIPPINE SEA, EAST OF VIETNAM
 GOVERNMENT TYPE : REPUBLIC
 CAPITAL CITY : MANILA

4. 3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
 EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 JUDICIAL BRANCH

5. COUNTRY PROFILE
 POPULATION – 86,241,697
 ETHNIC GROUPS:
 CHRISTIAN MALAYS – 91.5 %
 MUSLIM MALAYS - 4%
 CHINESE - 1.5 %
 OTHERS - 3%

6. 2 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:
 PILIPINO
 ENGLISH
- 8 MAJOR DIALECTS
CURRENCY : PHILIPPINE PESO

7. Religions
 ROMAN CATHOLIC - 83%
 PROTESTANT - 9%
 MUSLIM - 5%
 BUDDHIST &
Others - 3%

8. THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
A COUNTRY REPORT

9. TOPIC OUTLINE:
 CORRUPTION DEFINED
 CAUSES OF CORRUPTION
 THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
 THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN
 CONCLUDING STATEMENT

10. CORRUPTION:
 The use and abuse of public power for
private and personal interests and purposes.
 Engenders wrong choices and encourages
competition in bribery rather than competition
in quality.
 Wastes public resources affecting the
delivery of public services

11. CAUSES OF CORRUPTION:
 ECONOMIC ASPECT
 CULTURAL ASPECT
 HISTORICAL ASPECT
 THE BUREACRATIC SYSTEM

12. Economic Aspect
 POVERTY
– INSUFFICIENT SALARY OF GOVERNMENT
EMPLOYEES
– CORRUPTION IS RESORTED TO AUGMENT
THE MEAGER COMPENSATION (i.e. under
the table transactions)

13. Cultural aspect
 UTANG NA LOOB
 PAKIKISAMA
 FAMILISM
 MAPAGBIGAY (GIFT-GIVING)

14. Historical Aspect
 Corruption was allegedly introduced in the
Philippines during the Spanish Colonial
period
 1946 – post war reparations
 1950- foreign currency corruption
 1960 – smuggling
 1970-1980 - Cronyism
 1990 – land scams

15. THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
 Privatization
 Streamlining
 Cuttingof Red Tape (official
procedures)
 Reassessment of Bureaucratic
Requirements
 Job Rotation

16. THE OFFICE OF THE
OMBUDSMAN

17. Former Oversight bodies:
 1950 – Integrity Board (President Quirino)
 1957 – Presidential Complaints and Action
Commission (President Magsaysay)
 1958 – Presidential Committee on
Administration Performance Efficiency
(President Garcia)
 1961 – Presidential Anti-Graft Committee
(President Macapagal)

18.  1966 – Presidential Agency on Refoms and
Government Reparation (Pres. Marcos)
 1973 – Office of the Tanodbayan (P.D. 1487)
 1987 - Office of the Ombudsman (1987
Constitution
 2000 – Presidential Anti Graft Commission
(President Arroyo)

19. Roles of the Office of the Ombudsman
 MOBILIZER
 WATCHDOG
 OFFICIAL CRITIC
 DISPENSER OF JUSTICE

20. NATIONAL ANTI- CORRUPTION
STRATEGY
PUNITIVE APPROACH
- REACTIVE METHOD OF COMBATING
CORRUPTION
- AGGRESSIVE INVESTIGATION AND
PROSECUTION OF WRONGDOERS
- CONDUCT OF ADMINISTRATVE
PROCEEDINGS

21. THE PREVENTIVE APPROACH
A) AGGRESSIVE AND UNCOMPROMISING
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION
B) EFFICIENT AND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC
ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
C) INTENSIVE GRAFTWATCH OVER THE
BUREAUCRACY

22. D) PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT
E) TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL PSYCHE
THROUGH EDUCATION AND VALUES ORIENTATION
SEMINARS
F) LINKAGES WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT
INSTITUTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION
FIGHTERS
D) SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES IMPROVEMENT

23. “ . . . the greatest obstacle we as a
nation must overcome is inside
us. The enemy to beat is
ourselves”. .
Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

24. THANK YOU. . . . .
/erikchoi