Smart metering

1. SMART METERS
V SAI KRISHNA – 14E95
R VASANTHAN – 14E113
P VINITH – 14E123
S PADMANATHAN – 14E82
M SIVANESH BABU – 14E103
E VENKATESH – 14E116
V BALAJI ARJUN – 14E130

2. BEFORE GETTING INTO THE
TOPIC….

3. What is the electric grid?
 The electric grid is the path over which electricity flows
from power generating facilities across high-voltage
transmission lines to local communities
 The grid interconnects generators, power transmission
systems, local distribution utilities and end users of
electricity
 The system is designed and operated for safe, reliable
electric reliability under constantly changing load
conditions.

4. What makes it a smart grid?
 Smart grid is an umbrella term for the modernization of electric transmission and
distribution.
 It is an integration of a more modern electric grid with communications and
information systems to better monitor and control the flow and consumption of
energy.
 Save energy
 Reduced Cost
 Increase Reliability

5. UtilityMetering
Utility
Consumer
Electricity
Meter
Cannot
communicate
to/from
consumer
One-way
communication
Utility
AMI
RF MESH
PLC
BPL
MDMS
UtilityMDMSWANLANMeteringConsumer
GSM
HAN
In home
Display
Two-way
communication
Smart
Meter
LEGACY VS AMI SYSTEM

6. What are smart meters and its benefits?
 A “smart” or advanced meter is an electric meter that acts as a gateway for two-
way communications or information exchange between the consumer and the
utility
 Measure Energy Usage with Greater Detail
 Provide Consume energy data to utility in Real time via home display and web
based Program.
 Remote Function
 Detect Meter Tampering and offer new pricing programs to encourage peak load
reduction.
 It can be more motivated to take advantage of incentives to reduce consumption,
especially during peak demand periods, and save money.

8. How are smart meters different than
current meters?
 From Conventional Meter’s which can provide usage data to the company’s
information systems for monthly billing.
 Smart meter can provide notification of outages and detect possible theft. The
newer, advanced meters are considered “bi-directional” or two-way and can be
linked to the utility’s communications network and smart grid, as well as a
consumer’s home area network, programmable thermostat, and smart appliances.

9. Benefits of Smart Meter
 Improved power quality
 More efficient
 Secure power delivery
 Enhanced electric reliability
 Prepayment Options Available
 Load survey / profiling helping in demand forecasting
 Over-the-air firmware and configuration upgrade
 More accurate bills — smart meters mean the end of estimated bills, and the
end of overpaying (or underpaying) for your energy
 Automatic Meter Reading Through ZIGBEE/HAN/LAN Network.
 Better oversight and management of your energy use with a real-time data
display in your home

10. Functions & Types Of Smart Meter
 Wireless smart metering modules with greater range.
 GSM based smart meter modules for industrial metering.
 Wireless data collection mechanisms

11. SMART METER SYSTEM BASIC
ARCHITECTURE

12. SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES
 Smart Meter Systems are varied in technology and design but operate through a
simple overall process.
 The Smart Meters collect data locally and transmit via a Local Area Network (LAN)
to a data collector.
 This transmission can occur as often as 15 minutes or according to the use of the
data.

13. SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES
 The collector retrieves the data and may or may not carry out any processing of the
data.
 Data is transmitted via a Wide Area Network (WAN) to the utility central collection
point for processing.

14. BASIC TYPES OF SMART METER SYSTEMS
There are four basic categories of Smart Meter System technologies as defined by
their LAN. They are:
 Wireless
 Radio Frequency (RF)
 Power Line Carrier (PLC)
 GSM/GPRS based

15. Wireless smart meter
 Smart meter modules available from 100 meters to 6 Kms
 Modules work on 2.4 GHz or Sub-1 GHz solution (865-868 MHz)
 Mesh connection of smart meters is possible, which enables easy
transmission
 Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote
diagnostics
 Single data concentrators can communicate with up to 500 meters
 Ultra low power consumption modules available at most economical pricing

16. Smart Meter Architecture

18. RADIO FREQUENCY
 Smart Meter measurements and other data are transmitted by wireless radio from
the meter to a collection point.
 The data is then delivered by various methods to the utility data systems for
processing at a central location.

19. MESH TECHNOLOGY
 The smart meters talk to each other (hop) to form a LAN cloud to a collector.
 The collector transmits the data using various WAN methods to the utility central
location.

20. MESH TECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
 Mesh RF Technologies’ advantages include:
 Acceptable latency
 Large bandwidth

21. MESH TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES
 Terrain and distance challenges for rural areas
 Proprietary communications
 Multiple collection points

22. POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
 The smart meters talk directly to a collector, usually a tower.
 The tower collector transmits the data using various methods to the utility central
location for processing.

23. POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
 Direct communication with each endpoint
 Large bandwidth
 Licensed spectrum
 Can cover longer distances

24. POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES
 Licensing (not for 900MHz)
 Terrain may prove challenging in rural areas
 Proprietary communications used for some technologies
 Less interface with Distribution automation (DA) devices.

25. POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
 Smart Meter measurements and other data can be transmitted across the utility
power lines from the meter to a collection point
 Usually the collection point is the distribution Sub- station feeding the meter

27. Power line carrier
Metro Fiber Ring
Architecture
Internet Data Video
Each site supports multiple
customers

28. POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
ADVANTAGES
 The use of existing utility infrastructure of poles & wires
 Improved cost effectiveness for rural lines
 More effective in challenging terrain
 The capability to work over long distances.

29. POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
DISADVANTAGES
 Longer data transmit time (more latency)
 Less bandwidth
 Less throughput
 Limited interface with Distribution Automation (DA) devices
 higher cost in urban and suburban locations.

30. GSM / GPRS enabled smart meter modules
 GSM based meter data collection modules available for industrial and transformer
metering
 Integrates with various type of meters using serial port
 Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote diagnostics

31. Ethernet based data concentrators / gateways for
meter data collection
 Can collect data from up to 500 electricity smart meters in a HAN (network)
 Can collect data as fast as every 30 minutes
 Local storage for offline mode in case of loss of connectivity
 Connects to the web server via GPRS or Ethernet (LAN connection)
 Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote
diagnostics
 Maintains diagnostics and connectivity information of the whole PAN
(network)
 Tamper proof with instant SMS to service engineers
 Built-in battery to transmit data in case of loss of power

32. Cloud enabled MDM software
 Cloud enabled software provides a scalable, secure and highly reliable software for
smart meter data collection and management
 Collects data from data concentrator units / gateways and maintains the consumer
/ meter information
 Hosted on the Google cloud (or equivalent) for 99% uptime
 Continuous availability of latest data at desired polling frequency
 Can connect to thousands of DCUs for data collection
 Various alerts as per need over SMS and e-mail
 128-bit SSL encryption for data security
 Analytical capabilities with graphical data visualizations help in decision making

33. Repeaters
 Used for remote / sparsely populated locations
 Can be installed on electricity poles / street lights
 Used to carry data from local networks to far away locations

34. METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
 Meter maintenance will become a major issue to the service provider.
 The meter will be entirely electronic with an additional communication device on
board, which has to be monitored regularly.
 The engineers must possess a very high knowledge about the data transmission
and faults

35. METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Some of the utility organizations that will share in the new maintenance model are
 Customer Services
 Field Operations
 Distribution
 Information Technology
 Revenue Protection

36. ADVANTAGES
Low cost metering services
 On-demand and scheduled remote meter reads
 Remotely manageable tariff tables and billing cycles
 Multi-parameter load profile

37. ADVANTAGES
Distribution system optimization
 Outage detection, isolation and restoration verification
 Load balancing
 Theft detection

38. ADVANTAGES
Advanced control
 Remote disconnect and reconnect
 Maximum power limiting
 Optional direct load control
 New energy or value-added service with minimal incremental
investment

39.  Smart meters are 24/7 pulsed microwave radiation
emitting devices with no way to turn the radiation
down or off.
 The mesh network will insure there will be no
escape from the radiation anywhere. If you opt out
but your neighbor does not, you will still be
exposed to your neighbors radiation.
 This is why we need EVERYONE opting out, or
need to make them illegal.

40.  Smart meters have 2, sometimes 3 antennas,
depending.
 Most have 2 One antenna is for the HAN (home
area network), to interface with your smart
appliances.
 The other antenna is the NAN (neighborhood Area
antenna) to interface with your neighbors smart
meters.
 If there is a 3rd antenna in your smart meter, you
are the lucky recipient of the collector meter!!! You
will be receiving ALL of the neighborhoods pulses,
gathering at your home.
 By accessing these signals one can easily hack the
data

41. The “green washing of cancer through pulsed
microwave radiation exposure in addition to more
fossil fuel usage”

43. Robert A Baan PhD
The IARC Monographs
IARC, Lyon, FRANCE
“The IARC Working Group classified "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields" (RF-EMF) as possibly
carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
The information that formed the main basis for this evaluation was found in epidemiological studies on cell-
phone use, where a slightly increased risk for glioma (a malignant form of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma
(a non-cancerous type) was reported among heavy users.
There were some indications of increased cancer among radar-maintenance workers (occupational exposure),
but no reliable data from studies among, e.g., people living close to base-station antennas, radio/TV towers, etc
(environmental exposure).
Although the key information came from mobile telephone use, the Working Group considered that the three
types of exposure entail basically the same type of radiation, and decided to make an overall evaluation on RF-
EMF, covering the whole radiofrequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
In support of this, information from studies with experimental animals showed that effects on cancer incidence
and cancer latency were seen with exposures to different frequencies within the RF region.
So the classification 2B, possibly carcinogenic, holds for all types of radiation within the radiofrequency part of
the electromagnetic spectrum, including the radiation emitted by base-station antennas,
radio/TV towers, radar, Wi-Fi, smart meters, etc. “
Letter from WHO lead scientist...

45. The very clever “SMART METERS” are
“green GR$$D”

46. Smart meters will create more fossil fuel usage in
manufacturing and need to be replaced approx.
every 7 years to 10 years. Analog meters LAST
for DECADES. No fossil EXCESS fuel usage AT
ALL.

48. Mini cell towers emitting pulsed microwave radiation that for
thousands of feet to connect “smart meters” to the “smart
grid”attached to lamp posts, telephone poles, etc.

50. Now let’s look at the
microwave radiation from
“smart meters”…

54. THANK YOU !