Market segmentation involves dividing a large market into smaller, more homogeneous subgroups based on characteristics like needs, behaviors, or demographics. According to Philip Kotler, it is subdividing a market into distinct groups that can be targeted with a dedicated marketing mix. Some common bases for segmenting consumer markets include geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors. Demographic segmentation divides the market based on attributes like age, gender, income, and lifecycle stage to develop targeted products and services.