1. CHAPTER 01 : INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR BIOLOGY

3. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologyTopic Outlines 1.1 Cell Theory 1.1.1 “Theory of Spontaneous Generation” 1.1.2 History of Cell Discovery 1.1.3 Theory of cells 1.2 Types of cells 1.2.1 Prokaryote 1.2.2 Eukaryote 1.3 Human cells 1.3.1 Characteristic of human/animal cell 1.4 General structure of human cell 1.4.1 Components of a cell © 2010 Cosmopoint

5. To understand the scope of biology and human genetics which includes the study of cell, structure of cell, division of cells, genetic materials, mutation and common genetic condition.

6. To acquire knowledge according diseases caused by genetic mutation.

7. To understand basic techniques involved in biology laboratory.

8. To understand laboratory hazards and step to ensure safety in biology procedure. © 2010 Cosmopoint

9. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologyLearning Outcomes After completing this lecture, students will be able to: (a) Define a cell (b) List names of scientists in history of cell discovery (c) Outline the theory of cells (d) Identify types of human cells (e) Explain typical structure of a cell & its components © 2010 Cosmopoint

11. Archaic theory that utilizes this process to explain the origin of life.

12. Pieces of cheese and bread wrapped in rags and left in a dark corner, for example, were thus thought to produce mice, according to this theory.

13. Because after several weeks, there were mice in the rags.

14. Many believed in spontaneous generation because it explained such occurrences as the appearance of maggots on decaying meat.© 2010 Cosmopoint

17. looked at a thin slice of cork (oak cork) through a compound microscope

18. observed tiny, hollow, roomlike structures

19. called these structures ‘cells’ because they reminded him of the rooms that monks lived in

20. only saw the outer wall (cell walls) because cork cells are not alive© 2010 Cosmopoint

22. looked at blood, rainwater, scrapings from teeth through a simple microscope (1 lens)

23. observed living cells; called some ‘animalcules’

25. viewed plant parts under a microscope

26. discovered that plant parts are made of cells© 2010 Cosmopoint

28. viewed animal parts under a microscope

30. stated that all living cells come only from other living cells© 2010 Cosmopoint

32. Arise from pre-existing cells by cell division.

33. Made up of protoplasm surrounded by a semi-permeable lipoprotein membrane.

34. Divided into 2 types: prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells© 2010 Cosmopoint

36. Thecellis the basic unit of structure& function

37. Almost all organismsconsist of cells&cell products

38. All cellsare produced by the divisionof preexistingcells(through reproduction)

39. Each cell contains genetic materialthat is passed down during this process© 2010 Cosmopoint

41. The activities of cells depends on the activities of subcellular structures within the cell (organelles, plasma membrane, nucleus)© 2010 Cosmopoint

43. Eukaryotes© 2010 Cosmopoint

45. Not true cells

46. Single-called organism that lacks membrane-bound organelles

47. Do not have nucleus

48. Has a single chromosome containing its entire DNA (lie free in the cytoplasm in a ring formation, not enclosed within a nuclear membrane)

49. Found in bacteria & cyanobacteria (kingdom Prokaryotae)© 2010 Cosmopoint

50. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.2.1: Prokaryotes © 2010 Cosmopoint

52. Cell wall– contains peptidoglycan (consists of sugars & polymers which are linked with short polypeptides)  provides rigid framework to support & maintain the shape of the cell, prevents rupture of the cell.

53. Plasma membrane– made up of phospholipids  controls the exchange of waste of waste materials & nutrients, fully permeable, as receptor of hormones, neurotransmitters & other chemicals© 2010 Cosmopoint

55. Ribosomes– 70S, tiny organelles, consists of 2 subunits, made up of equal amounts of RNA & proteins

56. Naked DNA – unit of inheritance, usually organised into genes & chromosomes© 2010 Cosmopoint

58. With nucleus, more advanced cells as found in plants, animal & fungi

59. Have linear strands of DNA within their nuclei© 2010 Cosmopoint

60. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.2.2: Eukaryotic PLANT CELL © 2010 Cosmopoint

61. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.2.2: Eukaryotic Main Difference between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells © 2010 Cosmopoint

62. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.2.2: Eukaryotic Main Difference between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells © 2010 Cosmopoint

63. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.2.2: Eukaryotic Main Difference between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells © 2010 Cosmopoint

65. A cell wall(made up of cellulose, pectins, hemicellulose & protein)

66. Contain a nucleus controls all chemical activities & pass heritable information from 1 generation to next through division of DNA

67. Nucleus is surrounded by nuclear membrane

68. Cytoplasm contains organelles© 2010 Cosmopoint

70. Plastids, especially chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll

71. Plant groups without flagella (including conifers & flowering plants) also lack centrioles that are present in animal cells© 2010 Cosmopoint

73. Nucleus

74. An organelle, called centrosome, consisting of two centrioles, is found beside the nucleus

75. The cytoplasm may contain food granules, secretory granules & often temporary vacuoles/vesicles© 2010 Cosmopoint

77. Egg

78. Embryonic stem cell

79. Erythrocyte

80. Fibroblast

81. Hepatocyte

82. Myoblast

83. Myotube (muscle: skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

84. Neuron

85. Oocyte

86. Osteoblast

87. Osteoclast

88. T-Cell

89. Zygote © 2010 Cosmopoint

90. Chapter 1 : Introduction To Cellular BiologySub Topic 1.3.1 : Characteristics of an animal cells Types of Human cells © 2010 Cosmopoint

93. Cytoplasm (with organelles)

94. Nucleus© 2010 Cosmopoint