2. What if the world’s population of 7 billion lived in
one large city, how large would that city be if it
were as dense as….
3. A typology of place identities
Ecotopia
Nature
Conserve
Planet first
Environmental
Utopia
Community
Shared
All together, love
Social
Hi Tech
Progress, BAS
Competition, winning
Efficient, convenient
Techonomics
Fortress
Separation
Tribal, barriers
Fear, avoidance
Politics
CINDY FREWEN 2013
4. San Luis Obispo, CA
1970s
Some cities are happier,
is there a Happiness
Divide?
9. LOS ANGELES, where homeless find the most public
spaces because they’d be thrown off private
property. Individual rules, short term solutions.
INDIVIDUALISM
EGALITARIAN
SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION
10. MUMBAI INDIA, where people build
a community but lack sanitation
infrastructure. Community rules,
long term orientation.
COLLECTIVISM
HIGH POWER DISTANCE
11. MUMBAILOS ANGELES
HOFSTEDE CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Institutional public
housing filled
with hate, crime.
Individualism
Egalitarian
Short-term Orientation
Strong communities,
terrible
infrastructure
Collectivism
High Power Distance
Long-term Orientation
12. litany
2m in slums; illegal immigrants; high
crime/gangs
systems
Fear of deportation; low wages; property
rights, taxes, utility/rent payments
worldview
Individuals fault vs. deserve better =
disenfranchised
myth/metaphor
Hollywood, bright lights, opportunity =
Temporary visitors, better future
HOLLYWOOD BOLLYWOOD
litany
6m in slums; rural migrants; high
unemployment; desperate poverty and
sanitation; safe
systems
Farms ruined; families strong; building
community thru collective industry
worldview
Best they can do; future better through
education
myth/metaphor
Gateway and “goddess of water” =
continuity; connected to place & people
Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
16. Largest cities over time from Europe to
Asia, to Europe, to North Am, to Asia
• 100 AD ROME 450,000
• 1000 CORDOVA SPAIN 450,000
• 1500 BEIJING 675,000
• 1800 BEIJING 1,100,000
• 1900 LONDON 6,500,000
• 1950 NEW YORK CITY 12,500,000
• 2000 TOKYO 26,400,000
• 2050 NEW DELHI 45,000,000
Or MUMBAI
21. Most rapid urbanization is behind us.
showing 1950 – 2007 - 2030
WORLD
29-49-60
AFRICA
15-37-51
ASIA
17-41-54
EUROPE
51-72-78
LATIN AM
42-76-84
NORTH AM
64-79-87
51 54
78 84 87
UN Population Division
27. Some places have larger gaps between
richest and poorest
Gini Coefficient describes income
inequality; 0 = all have equal income;
1 = one person has all the income.
29. When populations peak, so do cities. And probably
not at the same time. That’s Peak Urban.
You
are
here
Nigeria
U.S.
India
China
2010 21002050 2010 2050 2100
1.7B
1.3B
UNPopDivision
30. CINDY FREWEN 2012
Peak Urban happens when there’s more
place than people. More city than people.
31. Tate Modern
Vision and Leadership
Is there also an Innovation Gap?
Or can cities be
improved by design?
33. It’s many things, walkable
streets, public transit solutions,
more parks, bike paths,
embracing sustainable design
solutions. People coming
together to create a city.