2. WRITE:
Analyze the postReconstruction political and
social developments that led
to institutionalized racism in
the United States.
Describe institutionalized
racist practices in postReconstruction America.
Institution:
Establishment devoted to the promotion
of a particular cause or program
3. Post-reconstruction (soon after the Civil
War)
READ
Racial discrimination was institutionalized
with the passage of Jim Crow laws.
These state laws and local ordinances
included provisions to require racial
segregation, prohibit miscegenation
(intermarriage between the races), limit
ballot access and generally deprive
African Americans of civil rights.
4. Segregation and Discrimination
---Legalized discrimination
READ
Some white southerners were determined to prevent
African Americans from using the right to vote. Tactics
included making voters pay a poll tax and pass a literacy test.
Most African Americans were too poor to pay the tax and
had been denied the education to pass a literacy test.
Southern state legislatures also passed laws—known as Jim
Crow laws—to create and enforce segregation in public
places. (The name Jim Crow came from a character in a
minstrel song.)
The first, passed in Tennessee in 1881, required separate
railway cars for African Americans and whites.
By the 1890s southern states had segregated many public
places, including schools.
5. DEFINE: Jim Crow laws
Laws that created and
enforced segregation in
public places
6.
7. Who was Homer Plessy?
Write:
The “separate
but equal”
doctrine was
applied to the
14th
Amendment.
14th amendment
provides a
broad definition
of citizenship
Homer Plessy, an African
American man, sat in a
whites-only train
compartment to test the
segregation law. He was
arrested, and his case finally
went to the U.S. Supreme
Court
8. Explain the Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v.
Ferguson
The “separate
but equal”
doctrine was
applied to the
14th
Amendment.
14th amendment
provides a
broad definition
of citizenship
In the case of Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896), the Court
upheld segregation. It ruled
that “separate but equal ”
facilities did not violate the
Fourteenth Amendment. The
Plessy decision allowed
legalized segregation in the
south for nearly 60 years.
10. How would Plessy v. Ferguson affect
future attempts to end racial
discrimination?
The “separate
but equal”
doctrine was
applied to the
14th
Amendment.
14th amendment
provides a
broad definition
of citizenship
Write:
The supreme court case
set strong precedent
(model) for segregation.
It would take decades
and other Supreme Court
cases to end segregation
in the South.
11. The “separate
but equal”
doctrine was
applied to the
14th
Amendment.
14th amendment
provides a
broad definition
of citizenship
Write:
It takes almost 60 years for
the supreme court to reverse
its decision in Plessy v
Ferguson!!!!!!
In 1954, the Supreme Court
case Brown vs. Board of
Education , the court called
for an end to segregation in
U.S. institutions of learning.
12. How was lynching used to intimidate
African Americans in the South?
Lynching of African
Americans was used to
terrorize blacks so as not
ask for Constitutional
freedoms.
13. How was the KKK used to intimidate
African Americans in the South?
Write:
The rise of the Ku Klux
Klan and other nativist
organizations brought
increased violence
against African
Americans. Violence was
used to prevent African
Americans from asking
for their civil rights.
14. What types of segregation and discrimination did
African Americans encounter?
Write: separate public
facilities and schools;
denied the right to vote;
strict rules of behavior
toward whites; lynching
An all
Black
School
An all
White
School
15. What was the intent of the southern legislators
toward African American voters?
Write:
Southern
legislators
wanted to
prevent African
Americans from
voting. They did
not want them
gaining any
political power.
16. What are the different
philosophies of Du Bois and
Washington concerning
African Americans acquiring
Civil Liberties?
W.E.B. Du Bois—
an African
American who
believed that
African
Americans should
strive for full
rights
immediately.
Booker T
Washington—an
African American who
believed that African
Americans had to
accept segregation for
the moment. He
believed they could
improve their situation
best through acquiring
farming and vocational
skills.
17. Define: NAACP (The National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People)
Write:
Founded in 1909 (NAACP) desired to
end legalized discrimination based
on race
W.E.B. Du Bois
believed that
African
Americans
should strive for
full rights
immediately.
18. Hispanic Americans
Asian Americans
Native Americans
African Americans
encountered strong
anti-Mexican feelings
lived in segregated
neighborhoods
had to endure the
government’s
Americanization
policy
encountered Jim
Crow laws in South
and de facto laws in
North
Most Mexicans were
farmers, but there
were not enough
farm jobs to go
around.
Many landlords
would not rent to
Asian tenants
Living on
reservations gave
them few economic
opportunities
lived in segregated
neighborhoods
often had to take
menial jobs for little
pay-could not leave a
job until they paid
debts they owed
their employer
laws limited or
prevented Asian
immigration
Many Indians did not
have American
citizenship until the
passage of the Indian
Citizenship Act of
1924
often had to take
menial jobs for little
pay
trapped in their jobs
by a system brought
from Mexico called
debt peonage
early 1900s, California
legislators passed
laws prohibiting
marriages between
whites and Asian
20. Credible (credibility)--credible evidence to support
an idea takes more than one source of information—
to be credible. It has at least two sources of
information that are very similar in their findings
Ex.
Journal of Medicine states that it is 4-5 times more likely that
one gets into an accident while driving and using a cell phone .
State Highway Patrol study finds that accidents are more severe
when using the cell phone while driving.
21.
Characteristics that affect the credibility of sources
Bias: being one sided and Bias is prejudice toward or unfair
characterization of the members of a particular group
Consistency of arguments: Do all the supports of
the main idea agree?
22.
Credibility
primary sources are most always viewed are more credible than
secondary source documents
Primary sources: pictures taken of the event; letters,
newspapers, diaries written at the time of the event
Secondary sources: text books written about the event,
newspapers articles, books, etc. written about the event at a
later time
