2. When India was being ruled by the British, it
was the Indian National Movement that
expressed the aspirations and demands of the
people of India, bound together by their
identity as a nation and the spirit of
nationalism. Various factors had contributed
to the growth of national consciousness in the
country. The Nationalist Movement had
started with the establishment of Indian
National Congress.

5.  The British considered themselves superior
to the Indian and followed a policy of racial
discrimination. The British rule promoted the
attitude of racial hatred and racial arrogance
toward Indians. Railway compartments were
reserved for Europeans and Indians were not
allowed to enter restaurants and parks

6. Many political associations were formed in
various parts of the country before the
formation of Indian National Congress in 1885
but these organizations were localized and
had limited participation and the need of an
all-India political organization. Thus Indian
National Congress was formed.