PHP tutorial for SEG3560 e-commerce course

SEG3560 Introduction to E-Commerce (Fall 2005) Tutorial – Php

SEG 3560 Introduction to E-Commerce
Tutorial 4 – PHP
PHP Introduction
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), unlike Java Script which is a client-side HTML-embedded
script language, is a server-side HTML-embedded script language.

The functions of PHP are exactly the same as CGI. However, CGI is a stand-alone
component, while PHP is embedded inside HTML. More about PHP could be referred to the
official web site: http://www.php.net

PHP Basic
To declare a PHP section within an HTML document, just use the tag “<?” and “?>” and
change the file extension from “.html” (or “.htm”) to “.php”.

Example:

http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~s3560_30/1.php

<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Introduction</title>
</head>

<body>

<?
print("SEG 3560 Introduction to E-Commerce<br>");
print("Tutorial 2<br>");
print("A simple PHP demonstration<br>");

echo "Hello World<br><br>";
?>

</body>
</html>

Page 1


You could declare the PHP section in anywhere within the whole html document.

Example:


<html>
<head><title>PHP Introduction</title></head>

<?
print("<body link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">");
?>

<?
mail('xxx@xx.cuhk.edu.hk', 'Email Heading', 'Dear all, Testing only. By abc');
?>

<p align="center"><img border="0" src="name_1.gif"
width="478" height="86"></p>

<?
print("<p align="center"><font face="Arial">Click
<a href="http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~seg3560">here</a>
to link to the ");
?>

<b><font size="5" color="#FF0000">course web site</font></b>.</font> </p>

</body>
</html>

Page 2


PHP and Email

To send email using PHP automatically, use the mail function within PHP:
mail(“email_address”, “heading”, “body”)

Example:
<?
mail(“abc@se.cuhk.edu.hk”, “Email Heading”, “Dear all, Testing only. By abc”)
?>

Page 3


Data Types and Variables
Every variable must begin with the symbol “$”. PHP support integer, double, string, and
array.

Example:


<html>
<head><title>PHP Introduction</title></head>

<?
$course="SEG".'3560'; // string
$code=3450+110; // integer operation
$num[0]=1; // array
$num[1]=2; // array

print("This course is $course $code<br>");
print("This is tutorial $num[1]");
?>

</body>
</html>

Page 4


Note that in PHP, you do not need to declare the data type. The data type of the variable will
be changed according to what you have stored in it.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Introduction</title>
</head>

<?
$variable = "SEG 3560"; // initialize $variable to string
print("The value is '$variable' (String)<br>");

$variable = 10; // change it to integer
print("The value is '$variable' (Integer)<br>");

$variable = $variable + 10.1; // change it to double
print("The value is '$variable' (Double)<br>");

$variable = "10.1 php" + $variable; // perform an operation
print("The value is '$variable' (Double)<br>");
?>

</body>
</html>

However, it is a good practice that you do not change the data type of the variable frequently.

Page 5


PHP and Form

Consider the following form:

http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~s3560_30/form.php
<html>
<head><title>Form</title></head>
<body>
<form method="POST"
action="http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~s3560_30/receive.php">

<p>Username: <input type="text" name="USER" size="20"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="PSWD" size="20"></p>

<p>I would like to learn:<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="C1" value="Y">PHP
<input type="checkbox" name="C2" value="Y">CGI
<input type="checkbox" name="C3" value="Y">ASP
<input type="checkbox" name="C4" value="Y">JAVA SCRIPT</p>

<p>Sex: <input type="radio" value="B" name="SEX">M
<input type="radio" value="G" name='SEX' checked >F

Year of Study:
<select size='1' name='YR'>
<option>Year 1</option><option>Year 2</option><option>Year 3</option>
</select></p>

Page 6


<p>Comment about this course:<br>
<textarea rows="3" name="COMMENT" cols="28"></textarea></p>

<p><input type="submit" value="Submit" name="B1">
<input type="reset" value="Reset" name="B2"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

We could write the following PHP document to perform checking and displaying the result:

Page 7


<html>
<head><title>Receive The Form</title><head>

<body>
<p><b><u><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
You have enter the following information:
</font></u></b></p>

<p><font face="Arial">
<font color="#0000FF"><b>Username: </b></font>
<? print($_REQUEST['USER']); ?>
<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><b>Password: </b></font>
<? print($_REQUEST['PSWD']); ?>
</font></p>

You are a
<?
if ($_REQUEST['SEX']=="B")
print("boy");
else
print("girl");
?>
studying in
<? print($_REQUEST['YR']); ?>
</font></p>

<b>You want to learn: </b><br>
<?
if ($_REQUEST['C1']=="Y")
print("PHP ");
print("CGI ");
print("ASP ");
print("JAVA SCRIPT");
?>
</font></p>

<b>Your comment about the course is: </b><br>
<?
print($_REQUEST['COMMENT']);
?>
</font></p>

</body>
</html>

Page 8


PHP and Database Connection

In this tutorial, only the connection between PHP and oracle would be discussed. A revision
of SQL language could be found in the supplementary notes1 – SQL in this tutorial.
https://www-ssl.se.cuhk.edu.hk/intranet/tech/web_tech.html#PHP3

1. To initialize the connection:
ora_logon (user_name, password) or die(‘Connection Error’);

Example:
Suppose we want to connect to the server SE with the username USER and password
PSWD:
<?
/*Set Environment */
putenv("ORACLE_SID=seora.se.cuhk.edu.hk");
putenv("ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle");

/*Opent the connection*/
$handle = ora_logon('s3560_xx@seora','xxxxxxx') or die ("Connection error");
$cursor = ora_open($handle);
?>

2. To send a query from Sybase through PHP:
ora_parse (link , query);

Example:
Suppose we want to create the following table and input the data:

first_db
course (char) student (int)
'SEG3560' 150

If we want to store information into oracle:
<?
ora_parse($cursor, "create table first_db (course char(10), student int)") ;
ora_parse($cursor, "insert into first_db values('SEG3560', 150)");
?>

Page 9


3. To view the information retrieved from Sybase through PHP:
ora_fetch (query_information)

Example:
<?
ora_parse($cursor, "select * from first_db");
ora_exec($cursor);
ora_commit($handle);
$numcols = 0;
while(ora_fetch($cursor)){
$numcols = ora_numcols($cursor);
for($column=0; $column < $numcols; $column++){
$data = trim(ora_getcolumn($cursor, $column));
if($data =="") $data = "NULL";
echo"$datat";
}
}
?>

Result:

SEG3560 150

Page 10


Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Introduction 123</title>
</head>
<?
/*Set Environment */
putenv("ORACLE_SID=seora.se.cuhk.edu.hk");
putenv("ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle");

/*Opent the connection*/
$handle = ora_logon('s3560_30@seora','eFuoTyAp') or die ("Connection error");
$cursor = ora_open($handle);
ora_parse($cursor, "create table first_db (course char(10), student int)") or die("Sql 1
error");
ora_parse($cursor, "insert into first_db values('SEG3560', 150)") or die("Sql 2 error");
/* Execute the sql*/
ora_exec($cursor);
ora_commit($handle);
/*Close the connection*/
ora_close($cursor);
echo "Finished all the commands";
?>
</body>
</html>

Create the table “first_db” and put an instance into the table.
http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~s3560_30/write_db.php
Read the content in the table.
http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~s3560_30/read_db.php

Be careful, the first link will work with sql error,

,
Think why?

Page 11


Tutorial 4 Supplementary Notes 1 – SQL

Example
Consider the following two tables, student_info and course_info:

student_info
Name (char 20) ID (int) Department (char 3) Supervisor (char 20)
Agnes 00123456 SEM Prof. Cai
Bonnie 00234567 PSY Prof. Chan
Clara 00345678 ECO -
Doris 01234567 SEM Prof. Madan

course_info
Course (char7) Instructor (char 20) Size (int)
SEG3560 Prof. Madan 98
SEG3450 Prof. Madan 84
PSY3230 Prof. Chan 25

Database Manipulation:
1. Create a table:
create table table_name (attribute1 data_type, attribute2 data_type, …)

Example:
create the table course_info:
create table course_info (course char(7), instructor char(20), size int)

2. Remove a table:
drop table table_name

Example:
remove the table course_info:
drop table course_info

Basic Database Access
1. Select Operation:
select attibute1, attribute2, … from table1, table2, … where condition

Example:
Select all courses from the table course_info:
select course from course_info

Select all courses from the table course_info where the class size is greater then 50:
select course from course_info where size>50

Select all courses taught by Professor Madan:
select course from course_info where instructor=’Prof. Madan’

Select all courses offered by SEG:
select course from course_info where course like ‘SEG%’

Page 12


Select all students whose supervisor has taught at least one course:
select student_info.name from student_info, course_info
where student_info.supervisor=course_info.supervisor.

Select all records from the table student_info
select * from student_info

2. Insert Operation
insert into table_name values (value1, value2, …)
OR
insert into table_name values (attribute1=value1, attribute2=value2, …)

Example:
Insert the course SEG5010 taught by Professor Yu with class size 25 in the table:
insert into course_info values (‘SEG5010’, ‘Prof. Yu’, 25)

Insert the student Eddie (01345678) studying in ECO:
insert into student_info values (name=‘Eddie’, id=01345678, department=‘ECO’)

3. Delete Operation
delete from table_name where condition

Example:
Delete all records from the table course_info:
delete from course_info

Delete all students who are studying in ECO:
delete from student_info where department=’ECO’

4. Update Operation:
update table_name set attribute1=value1, attrubute2=value2… where condition

Example:
Change the class size of all classes to 40:
update course_info set size=40

Change the class size of the course PSY3230 to 40:
update course_info set size=40 where course=’PSY3230’

Note:
Different databases support different data types. However, some data types are supported by
all databases, such as: integer (int), real number (real) and character (char (n)).

Page 13


Tutorial 4 Supplementary Note 2 – Web Page and Sybase

Creating web pages within SE department
1. Create a directory named /public_html under the root directory of your Unix account.

2. Upload or create all of the necessary files and directories to the directory /public_html

3. Change the access mode to all of the files and directories (as well as the /public_html) to
755 (owner—full control of all the file/directory; group and public—only could read or
execute the file/directory).

If you are under Unix environment, simply type:
Chmod –R 755 /public_html*
in your root directory

4. You could view your web pages using the following URL:
www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~XXX
where XXX is your account name.

Page 14

PHP tutorial for SEG3560 e-commerce course

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