5. Plato: The art of winning the soul by
discourse
Quintillian: The art of speaking well
Bacon: … to apply reason to imagination for
the better moving of the will
6. Aristotle: The ability, in each case, to see the
available means of persuasion.
Aristotle: “The audience is the end and object
of the speech”
7. Rhetorical situation: Pg 9
◦ The place where speaker, audience, and occasion
overlap
8. Your
You audience
The
occasion
The Rhetorical Situation
9. Rhetorical situation:
◦ Bitzer: a result of a real or perceived need a speech
might help address (exigence)
10. Exigence: “An imperfection marked by
urgency; it is a defect, an obstacle, something
waiting to be done, a thing which is other
than it should be.” (Lloyd Bitzer)
11. Not all exigence are rhetorical situations
Examples in homework