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Non ISO File
             Technique




8/24/2009        Endo12    1
Use stainless steel instruments - files
            files used manually
            files made by twisting wires of square,
            triangular or diamond cross section



            These have ISO taper


8/24/2009                      Endo12                 2
ISO stands for
     International Standards Organization
     Taper is the amount by which the
     diameter of an instrument
     increases from tip to handle




8/24/2009                Endo12             3
This is the taper set by the ISO
            It is set at 0.02 per mm
            This is commonly referred to
            as
                  02 taper


8/24/2009                 Endo12               4
02 taper does not match the
       taper of root canals
       Root canals have tapers close to
       04, 06 or even 08



8/24/2009             Endo12              5
By using a lot of instruments (files)
in complex protocols e.g.
  Crown Down, Step Back
  Techniques

8/24/2009          Endo12               6
A series of files used from coronal to
            apical sequentially with recapitulation
8/24/2009                     Endo12                  7
S/S instruments have to be
            used in reciprocating action
            i.e. rotate clockwise, then anti-clockwise
            or in push - pull action
            If these are rotated continually
            in one direction, these fracture
            Not very flexible
8/24/2009                      Endo12                    8
Push - pull action leads to
            ledge formation in root canals

            This action also pushes debris
            into the canal causing
            blockages
8/24/2009                 Endo12             9
By using these files manually in
            reciprocating action
            i.e. Balanced Force Technique

            But this is a very slow process

8/24/2009                  Endo12              10
By using Greater Taper GT files
            The Greater Tapers matchhRRoot Canal tapers
                                         tC
            needing fewer files
    By making them of Nickel Titanium instead
    of S / S so that these are flexible and can be
    rotated continually in one direction without
    risk of fracture

   Thus NiTi GT Rotary instruments
               were born

8/24/2009                       Endo12                    11
Made of Nickel Titanium alloy
            NiTi wires cannot be twisted
            Therefore, made by machining - makes
            these files very expensive
            These have a Taper > ISO Taper
            Tapers of 04, 06, 08, 10 & even 12
            These tapers are similar to taper of root
            canals


8/24/2009                      Endo12                   12
8/24/2009   Endo12   13
ISO        Greater Taper




            02            04      06
                 08
8/24/2009             Endo12           14
A ProFile Rotary File kit
            Note the large no. of files with different
                    tapers and tip diameters
8/24/2009                       Endo12                   15
A ProFile
            instrument




               Cross-section is similar to that
                      of system GT with Triple U
               Endo12
                                            shape
8/24/2009                                           16
06 taper




                     08 taper




                     10 taper


8/24/2009   Endo12              17
Invented by Dr. Stephen
            Buchanan of USA in the
            1980’s
            Has revolutionised
            Endodontic Practice
            Used in rotating action
            with special hand piece
            with a low speed, high
            torque motor
            Now several designs and
            brands available

8/24/2009   Endo12                    18
8/24/2009   Endo12   19
NiTi exists in 2 forms with different
    properties

            Martensite
             Low temp form, low modulus, high strain
            Austenite
             High temp form, high modulus, low strain
            Shape memory
            NiTi exhibits super elasticity
             Under stress, martensite        austenite
8/24/2009                     Endo12                     20
Bends and returns to original shape




             Martensite      Austenite       Martensite
            Can negotiate curved root canals better
8/24/2009                      Endo12                     21
A curved canal
            prepared with
                  NiTi files

8/24/2009        Endo12
                               22
System GT (Buchanan,Tulsa Dental)
            ProTaper (Dentsply)
            ProFile (Dentsply)
            RaCe (Schotlander)
            K3 (Sybron Kerr)
            Quantec
            FlexiMaster



8/24/2009                   Endo12              23
Note Triple U
cross-section of
the rotary file
collect debris
Flat radial lands
keep the file
centred on the
natural root
canal while
enlarging it
8/24/2009           Endo12   24
RaCe files have a
            triangular cross-
            section




8/24/2009                       Endo12   25
File tip is dome-
    shaped to prevent
    ledge formation &
    canallttransportation




8/24/2009                   Endo12   26
Progressively Tapered files

            Differing percentage of taper along
            the length of the file
            Makes the file even more flexible




8/24/2009                   Endo12                27
Note convex
   triangular
   cross-
   section




8/24/2009        Endo12   28
Active cutting
     blades
     speed up
     cutting of
     root canal wall



8/24/2009              Endo12   29
Blunt tip prevents
ledge formation &
perforations




8/24/2009            Endo12   30
Six files
         3 Shapers
             SX S1 S2
            3 Finishers
             F1 F2 F3



 Finishing File F3 recognisable by Blue band on handle
8/24/2009                  Endo12                        31
Same basic file shapes and tapers but
               designed to be used manually
8/24/2009                  Endo12                   32
Unique handle allows ease of use
8/24/2009                    Endo12            33
Fewer files needed due to better taper
       Faster completion of canal preparation
       Flexible, enabling easy use in curved
       canals
       More predictable outcome




8/24/2009                 Endo12                34
Mandibular
                     second molar with
                     abrupt curvature
                     of the distal canal.
                     Note the apical
                     control despite
                     the conservative
                     canal enlargement


8/24/2009   Endo12                          35
Before and after
8/24/2009          Endo12      36
Before and after
8/24/2009         Endo12       37

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Endo note 12 rotary technique

  • 1. Non ISO File Technique 8/24/2009 Endo12 1
  • 2. Use stainless steel instruments - files files used manually files made by twisting wires of square, triangular or diamond cross section These have ISO taper 8/24/2009 Endo12 2
  • 3. ISO stands for International Standards Organization Taper is the amount by which the diameter of an instrument increases from tip to handle 8/24/2009 Endo12 3
  • 4. This is the taper set by the ISO It is set at 0.02 per mm This is commonly referred to as 02 taper 8/24/2009 Endo12 4
  • 5. 02 taper does not match the taper of root canals Root canals have tapers close to 04, 06 or even 08 8/24/2009 Endo12 5
  • 6. By using a lot of instruments (files) in complex protocols e.g. Crown Down, Step Back Techniques 8/24/2009 Endo12 6
  • 7. A series of files used from coronal to apical sequentially with recapitulation 8/24/2009 Endo12 7
  • 8. S/S instruments have to be used in reciprocating action i.e. rotate clockwise, then anti-clockwise or in push - pull action If these are rotated continually in one direction, these fracture Not very flexible 8/24/2009 Endo12 8
  • 9. Push - pull action leads to ledge formation in root canals This action also pushes debris into the canal causing blockages 8/24/2009 Endo12 9
  • 10. By using these files manually in reciprocating action i.e. Balanced Force Technique But this is a very slow process 8/24/2009 Endo12 10
  • 11. By using Greater Taper GT files The Greater Tapers matchhRRoot Canal tapers tC needing fewer files By making them of Nickel Titanium instead of S / S so that these are flexible and can be rotated continually in one direction without risk of fracture Thus NiTi GT Rotary instruments were born 8/24/2009 Endo12 11
  • 12. Made of Nickel Titanium alloy NiTi wires cannot be twisted Therefore, made by machining - makes these files very expensive These have a Taper > ISO Taper Tapers of 04, 06, 08, 10 & even 12 These tapers are similar to taper of root canals 8/24/2009 Endo12 12
  • 13. 8/24/2009 Endo12 13
  • 14. ISO Greater Taper 02 04 06 08 8/24/2009 Endo12 14
  • 15. A ProFile Rotary File kit Note the large no. of files with different tapers and tip diameters 8/24/2009 Endo12 15
  • 16. A ProFile instrument Cross-section is similar to that of system GT with Triple U Endo12 shape 8/24/2009 16
  • 17. 06 taper 08 taper 10 taper 8/24/2009 Endo12 17
  • 18. Invented by Dr. Stephen Buchanan of USA in the 1980’s Has revolutionised Endodontic Practice Used in rotating action with special hand piece with a low speed, high torque motor Now several designs and brands available 8/24/2009 Endo12 18
  • 19. 8/24/2009 Endo12 19
  • 20. NiTi exists in 2 forms with different properties Martensite Low temp form, low modulus, high strain Austenite High temp form, high modulus, low strain Shape memory NiTi exhibits super elasticity Under stress, martensite austenite 8/24/2009 Endo12 20
  • 21. Bends and returns to original shape Martensite Austenite Martensite Can negotiate curved root canals better 8/24/2009 Endo12 21
  • 22. A curved canal prepared with NiTi files 8/24/2009 Endo12 22
  • 23. System GT (Buchanan,Tulsa Dental) ProTaper (Dentsply) ProFile (Dentsply) RaCe (Schotlander) K3 (Sybron Kerr) Quantec FlexiMaster 8/24/2009 Endo12 23
  • 24. Note Triple U cross-section of the rotary file collect debris Flat radial lands keep the file centred on the natural root canal while enlarging it 8/24/2009 Endo12 24
  • 25. RaCe files have a triangular cross- section 8/24/2009 Endo12 25
  • 26. File tip is dome- shaped to prevent ledge formation & canallttransportation 8/24/2009 Endo12 26
  • 27. Progressively Tapered files Differing percentage of taper along the length of the file Makes the file even more flexible 8/24/2009 Endo12 27
  • 28. Note convex triangular cross- section 8/24/2009 Endo12 28
  • 29. Active cutting blades speed up cutting of root canal wall 8/24/2009 Endo12 29
  • 30. Blunt tip prevents ledge formation & perforations 8/24/2009 Endo12 30
  • 31. Six files 3 Shapers SX S1 S2 3 Finishers F1 F2 F3 Finishing File F3 recognisable by Blue band on handle 8/24/2009 Endo12 31
  • 32. Same basic file shapes and tapers but designed to be used manually 8/24/2009 Endo12 32
  • 33. Unique handle allows ease of use 8/24/2009 Endo12 33
  • 34. Fewer files needed due to better taper Faster completion of canal preparation Flexible, enabling easy use in curved canals More predictable outcome 8/24/2009 Endo12 34
  • 35. Mandibular second molar with abrupt curvature of the distal canal. Note the apical control despite the conservative canal enlargement 8/24/2009 Endo12 35