Tro3 lecture 07

Experiencing Chemical Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Combustion Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reactants  Products

Evidence of Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Evidence of Chemical Change Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Color Change Formation of Solid Precipitate Formation of a Gas Emission of Light Release or Absorption of Heat

Conservation of Mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Chemical Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 CH 4 ( g ) + 2 O 2 ( g )  CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( g )

Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Example, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 2

Another Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 2 x x 3

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 2 3

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Another Example, Continued

Practice #1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice #1, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice #3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice #4 ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice #4, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Aqueous Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur in Aqueous Solution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Dissociation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Electrolytes, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Types of Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

When Will a Salt Dissolve? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

When Will a Salt Dissolve?, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Solubility Rules: Compounds that Are Generally Soluble in Water Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Compounds containing the following ions are generally soluble Exceptions (when combined with ions on the left the compound is insoluble) Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + none NO 3 – , C 2 H 3 O 2 – none Cl – , Br – , I – Ag + , Hg 2 2+ , Pb 2+ SO 4 2– Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb 2+

Solubility Rules: Compounds that Are Generally Insoluble Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Compounds containing the following ions are generally insoluble Exceptions (when combined with ions on the left the compound is soluble or slightly soluble ) OH – Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ S 2– Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ CO 3 2– , PO 4 3– Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 +

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example 7.7—When an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Carbonate Is Added to an Aqueous Solution of Copper(II) Chloride, a White Solid Forms, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice – Predict the Products and Balance the Equation ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Practice – Predict the Products and Balance the Equation, Continued Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Write an Equation for the Reaction that Takes Place when an Aqueous Solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is Mixed with an Aqueous Solution of Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 . Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Write an Equation for the Reaction that Takes Place when an Aqueous Solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is Mixed with an Aqueous Solution of Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 , Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ( aq ) + Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ( aq )  2 NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) + PbSO 4 ( s )

Ionic Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Writing Complete Ionic Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Ionic Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Writing Net Ionic Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice – Write the Ionic and Net Ionic Equation. ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice – Write the Ionic and Net Ionic Equation. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Properties of Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Common Acids Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Properties of Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Common Bases Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Acid – Base Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Process for Predicting the Products of an Acid – Base Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Example 7.11—Write the Molecular, Ionic, and Net-Ionic Equation for the Reaction of Aqueous Nitric Acid with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example 7.11—Write the Molecular, Ionic, and Net-Ionic Equation for the Reaction of Aqueous Nitric Acid with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example 7.11—Write the Molecular, Ionic, and Net-Ionic Equation for the Reaction of Aqueous Nitric Acid with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Example 7.11—Write the Molecular, Ionic, and Net-Ionic Equation for the Reaction of Aqueous Nitric Acid with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Complete and Balance These Acid – Base Reactions. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Complete and Balance These Acid – Base Reactions, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Gas Evolution Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Compounds that Undergo Gas Evolving Reactions Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Reactant type Reacting with Ion exchange product Decom-pose? Gas formed Example Metal n S, metal HS Acid H 2 S No H 2 S K 2 S( aq ) + 2HCl( aq )  2KCl( aq ) + H 2 S( g ) Metal n CO 3 , metal HCO 3 Acid H 2 CO 3 Yes CO 2 K 2 CO 3 ( aq ) + 2HCl( aq )  2KCl( aq ) + CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) Metal n SO 3 metal HSO 3 Acid H 2 SO 3 Yes SO 2 K 2 SO 3 ( aq ) + 2HCl( aq )  2KCl( aq ) + SO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) (NH 4 ) n anion Base NH 4 OH Yes NH 3 KOH( aq ) + NH 4 Cl( aq )  KCl( aq ) + NH 3 ( g ) + H 2 O( l )

Process for Predicting the Products of a Gas-Evolving Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Example—When an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Sulfite Is Added to an Aqueous Solution of Nitric Acid, a Gas Evolves. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example—When an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Sulfite Is Added to an Aqueous Solution of Nitric Acid, a Gas Evolves, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example—When an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Sulfite Is Added to an Aqueous Solution of Nitric Acid, a Gas Evolves, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Complete the Following Reactions. ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Complete the Following Reactions, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Other Patterns in Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Oxidation – Reduction Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Combustion as Redox ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Combustion as Redox, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Reactions of Metals with Nonmetals (Oxidation – Reduction) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Ionic Compound Formation as Redox ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Recognizing Redox Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Decide Whether Each of the Following Reactions Is a Redox Reaction. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Decide Whether Each of the Following Reactions Is a Redox Reaction, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Combustion Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 2 C 8 H 18 ( g ) + 25 O 2 ( g )  16 CO 2 ( g ) + 18 H 2 O( g )

Products of Combustion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Combustion Products ,[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Reactant Combustion product Contains C CO 2 (g) Contains H H 2 O(g) Contains S SO 2 (g) Contains N NO(g) or NO 2 (g) Contains metal M 2 O n (s)

Practice—Write the Equation for Each Reaction. ,[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Write the Equation for Each Reaction, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Classifying Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Classifying Reactions, Continued ,[object Object],Type of reaction General equation Synthesis A + B  AB Decomposition AB  A + B Displacement A + BC  AC + B Double displacement AB + CD  AD + CB

Synthesis Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Decomposition Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Decomposition of Water Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Single Displacement Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Displacement of Copper by Zinc Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Double Displacement Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Examples of Double Displacement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Classify the Following Reactions as Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, or Double Displacement. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7

Practice—Classify the Following Reactions as Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, or Double Displacement, Continued. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Single displacement. Double displacement. Decomposition. Synthesis.

Tro3 lecture 07

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Tro3 lecture 07