brief review on pacemakers

1. PACEMAKERS
SEMINAR BY
CB.EN.U4ECE11135
NALAM.TULASI HAAR
AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETAM

2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE HEART

4. WHEN DO WE NEEDAPACEMAKER ???
• Bradycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too slowly –
less than 60 beats per minute
• Tachycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too fast –
more than 80 beats per minute
• Atrial fibrillation – the upper chambers of the heart beat rapidly
• Heart failure – a condition in which the heartbeat is not
sufficient to supply a normal volume of blood

5. WHAT ISAPACEMAKER
The basic parts :
• Power source
• Pulse generator
• Electrodes

7. UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR
•
+
Anode
Cathode
Anode
Cathode

8. HISTORY
• Hymans pacemaker-1932
• Implantable pacemaker-1958
• Demand pacemaker-1964
• Rate-responsive-

9. HYMANS PACEMAKER
• hand crank (F)
• spring motor (D)
• magneto-generator
(A)
• interrupter disc
• magnet pieces
(B’ and B”)
• impulse controller
(G)
• electrode needle
(L)
• neon lamp (C)

10. IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER
• Pulse amplitude-10mA
• Rate-60 beats per min
• Current drain-12µA
• 10 mercury-zinc cells were
used
• Continuous operation 5
years

11. ECG
Turn-on period(t0)
Pulse period(t0-t1)
Relaxation period(t2)

12. DEMAND PACEMAKER

13. RATE-RESPONSIVE PACEMAKERS

15. BLOCK DIAGRAM

16. FUTURE PACEMAKER-WICS

17. TELEMETRY

18. References
• www.springer.com
• http://www.durofy.com
• https://wiki.engr.illions.edu
• http://www.medtronicfeatures.com

19. QUESTIONS ???

20. THANK YOU