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Persian Wars2
- 7. The initial set up of the forces. Note that the Persians have their backs to the water and that the Athenians have stronger flanks and a weaker center.
- 10. I’ll Be Back!!!
- 15. Modern recreation of a trireme, the Olympias.
- 16. Check out that ram! And look at how close those lower oar ports are to the waterline (yikes!).
Notas do Editor
- The Persians arrived at the plain of Marathon. They were guided and assisted by none other than the former tyrant Hippias, son of Pisastratus, who had been exiled from Athens. The Athenians sent a messenger to Sparta asking for help (he made the 150 mile journey on foot in just 48 hours). The Spartans sent their regrets that they couldn’t come immediately because they were in the middle of a religious festival. Kindly wait. The Athenians didn’t. The Athenians with some small help from another city-state (the Plataens) confronted the Persians at Marathon. There were 10,000 Athenian hoplites and 1,000 Plataen hoplites
- The Athenians closed with the Persians quickly, trotting the last 200 yards in order to minimize the damage the Persian archers could inflict on the phalanx lines. Because the Greek center was weak and the flanks strong, the center was pushed back while the flanks pushed in. After the center retreated a certain distance, it suddenly held firm. This resulted in a double envelopment of the Persians. Being double enveloped is NOT a good position to be in during a battle. The Persians panicked and made a run for their ships. Others ran for a nearby swamp (not knowing it was a swamp) and were slaughtered there.
- 192 Athenians and 11 Plataens fell. 6,400 Persians were killed. A messenger was sent to Athens. He ran the 21 miles, arrived at the agora, yelled out, “Νενικήκαμε,” and then dropped dead (hence the modern marathon race). This was actually important because it warned the Athenians that the Persians were coming and to put up a defense and man the walls. The Persians that made it out of Marathon sailed to Athens, but the Athenians from Marathon beat them there. The Persians gave up and sailed home. The Spartans finally showed up the second day after the battle, making the 150 mile march in three days. They toured the battlefield and agreed the Athenians had kicked some Persian keister.
- The Persians’ defeat caused them problems because their aura of invincibility was tarnished. Other people rebelled, but were generally suppressed. As for the Greeks, victory significantly boosted morale as well as the prominence of the Athenians. All the same, the Greek city-states knew the Persians would be back. Many of the city-states that had vowed submission to Persia renounced it. Others made secret deals with the Persians to defect when they invaded again.