1. Grammer Handbook Anabella Frost

2. Table of Contents

3. Preterite Actions that occurred in the past events These actions are Repeated a specific number of times Occurred during specific times Part of a chain of events Have a beginning and an end

4. Trigger Words Trigger words help determine whether or not the conjugated verb should be in the preterite tense. They help show past actions.

5. Car, gar, zar These are preterite verbs that end with either car, gar, or zar. They are irregular preterite verbs that stem change. Change only in 1st person singular Car- Que Gar-gue Car-ce

6. Spock verbs Irregular verbs in the preterite form

7. Cucaracha verbs Irregular verbs in the preterite Add the proper endings to each verb depending on the person

8. Snake Snake verbs are irregular preterite verbs Only change in the 3rd person They are stem changers in which the e changes to an I Pedir, preferir, competir, servir, sentir, repitir, venir They can also change from o to u Dormir, morir

9. Snakey Snakey verbs are irregular preterite verbs that only change in the 3rd person form They are stem changing verbs that change from an I or an e and go to a y. Ex: I to y- oir Ex: e to y- creer, leer

10. Imperfect A verb that expresses ongoing past actions Does not have a specific beginning or an end Describes physical and emotional charcteristics Expresses time, weather, and location

11. Trigger Words that show or hint that the sentence will use or is using the imperfect tense Can help decide if the imperfect tense is necessary for the sentence

12. Irregulars Irregular preterite verbs with different conjugated endings

14. Ser vs. Estar Ser and estar mean to be They are used at different times according to the sentence or the condition Estar Ser D descriptions O Origin C Characteristics T time O occupations R relationships P possession E events D dates

15. Verbs like Gustar When followed by one plus verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of the verb is always used Will take the number of the following noun Aburrir, encantar, falter, molestar,fascinar, importar, intersar, quedar, disgustar, faltar, disgustar, soprendar Often used in the conditional tense Would- ia, iamos Should- ias Could- iaian

16. Comparatives/Superlatives Comparatives and superlatives are used to compare and contrast They are used with adjectives and transition words Aunque, mientras, por lo tanto are some of these words

17. Transition words Transition words are used to change topics or go from one thing to the next. They are used in comparatives to show similarities and differences.

18. Future The future tense is used to express actions or events that are going to happen or have not occurred yet. The verbs can be conjugated by adding the appropriate endings to the end of the unconjugated verbs

19. Trigger words Trigger words for future tense are used to show when the future tense needs to be used or when the future tense of the verb is appropriate These words include Proximoano- next year Proximosemana- next week Manana- tomorrow

20. Irregulars for future The endings are kept the same, but the verb changes

21. Por Passing through…..Portal General location……Portugal How long something lasts…..Porever The cause of something….Porpose An exchange……exPort Doing something in place of……..Por, pay me Means of transportation……transPortation

22. Para For whom something is done…….Paraty Destination….Paragauy The purpose for which something is done….Parasites….Parachute To express an opinion…..Paradon me To compare/contrast…… Express a deadline……Paramedic