A profound impact of the Web2.0 lies in its power to transform skilled users into service providers, resulting in more complex value networks. As recently traditional “operated” network infrastructure is complemented with huge amounts of connected smart objects (the Internet-of-Things), the same mass creativity can be made applicable to smart, context-enabled services with real-world interactivity, collaboratively created by end users with varying degrees of programming skills. We report on a vision and solutions addressing easy, do-it-yourself service creation by the masses in an Internet-of-Things enabled world, from which we discuss the (i) value networks, (ii) enabling technology framework, and (iii) domain-specific proof-of-concepts.

1. Session 7A
Application architectures 2
Towards Abundant DiY Service Creativity.
Successfully Leveraging the Internet-of-Things.
Lieven Trappeniers, Marc Roelands, Marc Godon,
Johan Criel, Philippe Dobbelaere
Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent Lieven.trappeniers at alcatel-lucent.com
1 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

2. Agenda
1. The Internet-of-Things … and Friends
2. The Web-of-Things (1.0, 2.0 & even 3.0)
3. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
4. And what about the Service Provider ?
5. Way forward & conclusions
2 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

3. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
Ubiquitous Computing (Mark Weiser, Xerox Parc)
+
Ubiquitous Connectivity
=
The Internet-of-Things (ITU)
Ambient Intelligence (Philips)
Related technologies:
RFID
Wireless sensors
Context Awareness
Smart Objects
…
Tangible Media (Hiroshi Ishi, MIT)
Bridging the gap between the physical and virtual world
3 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

4. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
In 2009: Mobile Internet is a fact.
– over 25% of the world’s population – about 2 Billion people – are using the Internet
– over 60% of the world’s population – about 5 Billion people – are mobile subscribers
(Source: ITU)
In 2015: Personal mobile transactions & location-tracked ‘Things’ pervade
our lives.
– 1 Billion mobile wallets account for 90% of mobile transactions for goods & services
– 100s of Billions of RFID-tagged objects, at approximately 5 cents per tag
(Source: www.idtechex.com)
In 2020: Our surroundings become personal, interactive and smart.
– 0.1% of consumers know what is installed in their home
– In 2020: 250 embedded wireless devices/user, this 500 Billion
(Already now the Internet-of-Things potentially entails 50-70 Billion ‘machines’)
– Mainstream printed and chipless RFID tags: >624 billion
(Source: EC, TNO)
4 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

5. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
5 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

6. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
NFC Forum (www.nfc-forum.org)
“…advance the use of Near Field Communication technology by developing
specifications, ensuring interoperability among devices and services, and
educating the market about NFC technology.”
TouchaTag (www.touchatag.com)
– B2B Mobile Payment, loyalty, vouchers
– B2C DiY Internet-of-Things
EPC-Global (www.epcglobalinc.org)
“…development of industry-driven standards for the Electronic Product Code™
(EPC) to support the use of RFID in today’s fast-moving, information rich,
trading networks.”
CASAGRAS (www.rfidglobal.eu), partners include ETRI & ETSI
“…propose an approach using Object Identifiers and Unique Item Identifier (UII)
concepts and namespace resolver to accommodate legacy coding schemes
for identification.”
– Considering a range of standards, including those from ISO, IEC and
EPCglobal6.
– Supports a value proposition that exploits a defined infrastructure and provides
scope for commercial venture – federated services and applications.
And many, many more …
6 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

7. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
IPSO Alliance - Internet Protocol for Smart Objects
– 50+ members (Atmel, Bosch, Cisco, EDF (Électricité de France), Ericsson, Freescale,
Google, SAP, Sun Microsystems, Texas Instruments, …)
Objectives
– IP as the solution for access and communication for Smart Objects.
– Promote the use of IP in Smart Objects (white papers, case studies, updates on standards
progress (IETF, …), …
– Understand industries and markets where IP Smart Objects can have a role.
– Organize interoperability tests.
– Support IETF and other standards development organizations in standardizing IP for Smart
Objects.
– www.ipso-alliance.org
7 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

8. The Internet-of-Things … and friends
Pachube (“patch-bay”: generalized data brokerage)
"Tag and share real time sensor data from objects, devices, buildings and environments around the
world. The key aim is to facilitate interaction between remote environments, both physical and
virtual."
– Extended Environments Markup Language (EEML) to realize
“dynamic, responsive and conversant environments”.
8 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

9. Web-of-Things 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0
WoT1.0
Collection of Things rather than a “Web” of Things.
Abundance of dedicated standards.
IP is no standard (yet ?) for interaction with Things.
M2M versus entertainment & media.
9 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

10. Web-of-Things 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0
WoT1.0 WoT2.0 Users & communities engage in
creating content & applications.
How to search or discover Things ?
Can Web2.0 be applied to user resources ?
Things are constrained devices: what about resource mgt.,
access control, policies, distributed execution, … ?
Can existing Mashup frameworks be applied to
a mix of Things and online Services ?
HTTP HTTP
Web2.0 for Things (RESTful HTTP over IP)
RESTful API
10 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

11. Web-of-Things 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0
WoT1.0 WoT2.0 WoT3.0
Users & communities engage in
creating content & applications.
Support for discovering, searching,
and composing Things and Services. Search Composition
Catalog Recipes Wizards
Semantic framework (with user defined semantics) allows
to articulate and HTTP applications
define HTTP Collaborative Semantics
in terms of proper (& personal) concepts.
Aggregation, Abstraction & Resource management. Aggregation
Resource Mgt.
Abstraction
IP & REST full interfaces
11 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

12. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
Web2.0’s
Easy Application Creation
High
Internet-of-Things
DiY
applications
User Value
Web2.0
bottom-up
Swarm-of-Nodes Web3.0 applications
Web-of-Things Web1.0
top-down
Internet-of-Things applications
Ubiquitous Computing Low
Network of Objects Low High
Design Effort
M2M Ambient Intelligence
Internet-of-Things’
Abundance of Connected Smart Objects
12 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

13. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
High
Internet-of-Things
DiY
applications
User Value
Web2.0
bottom-up
applications
Web1.0
top-down
applications
Low
Low High
Design Effort
13 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

14. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
14 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

15. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
Design
Develop
Deploy
? Requirements
Needs
Express Yourself Create Deploy
Allow end-users to create and deploy
applications on top of the abundance Application Creation Continuum
of smart devices around them.
Applications are created by groups
& communities. Blurring border between application
creation & deployment.
15 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

16. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
16 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

17. “Programming” the Web-of-Things
17 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

18. And what about the Service Provider ?
User User
OTT
Application
Enablement
Network Network
1990 2000-…
18 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

19. And what about the Service Provider ?
Popularity The Internet-of-Things introduces
a Long-Tail of Networked Items
HLR
My
CDN
Boost Electricity
Button meter
My Interactive My
Home Billboard iPhone
Gateway
My NFC tags
Femto
iPhone on everyday
@Starbuck objects Ambient
sensors
Network Home Nomadic Swarm of nodes
Networked Items & functions ranked by popularity
“operated” Internet-of-Things infrastructure
infrastructure
19 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

20. And what about the Service Provider ?
User
OTT
Network
Enablers
Home
?
Nomadic Swarm of nodes
Who can fill this
gap for
Application
Enablement ?
The Internet-of-Things introduces
a paradigm shift in the eco-system
20 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

21. 21 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

22. And what about the Service Provider ?
Use accelerometers of
the iPhones of all
members of the cycling
club to map the bumps in
User the road
Re-use a template
OTT
created by a techie a
few months ago
Creation by Use enablers for sensor
the masses exposure, aggregation
and policies.
Enablers
Fro Network Home Nomadic Swarm of nodes
relat m estab
ion lis
syst s to a sc hed B2B
em at
cuts . No sim tered ec
i n th p o
e eco le cross -
-sys -
tem.
22 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

23. And what about the Service Provider ?
User
OTT
Creation by
DiY producer the masses
Domain-specific
Actors
Domain-specific
Enablers
Application
Enablers
Enablers
Broader Base
Infrastructure
Network Home Nomadic Swarm of nodes
23 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

24. And what about the Service Provider ?
How can end-users create and
deploy applications on top of the
abundance of smart devices
around them ?
How can we turn the plethora of
connected smart objects into an
enabling substrate for
applications ?
What value can I,
as a service provider,
offer in such a constellation ?
24 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

25. And what about the Service Provider ?
Operator’s pain
Leverage my infrastructure in an Internet-of-Things setting ?
Can I offer added value to either party ?
Application & Content Providers’ pain
Provisioning, deployment & mgt. of sensors & devices
Resources are heterogeneous & dynamic
How to bind applications to the physical reality ?
How to realize distributed execution ?
Can I leverage existing IoT infrastructure ?
Opportunity
Catalyze a horizontal and open eco-system
Support provisioning, deployment & mgt. of sensors & devices
Abstractions of resources
Allow a “late binding” of applications to physical infrastructure
Distributed execution environment & off-loading
Templating & re-use, App. store
Support cross/multi-home applications
25 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

26. And what about the Service Provider ?
Experiences Catalog Experience
(Query for Relevancy) UI UI UI Creation
Environment
Production MI CI MI CI MI CI Discovery
Enabling Engine Abstract UI UI UI
Services Component
Orchestration MI CI MI CI MI CI
Catalog Space
Engine UI UI UI
Professional
Technician
MI CI MI CI MI CI
End User
Distributed App. Execution Env.
UI Discovery
Smart Sensor Network UI
Communication Network MI CI UI
UI MI CI
Device-centric Execution Env. MI CI
(on-device or by proxy) MI CI
Sensors, Actuators
and MMI Devices
26 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

27. User-created Web-of-Things Applications
Belgium Finland
9 9
Allow non-technical users to create
their own smart Internet-of-Things
experiences by removing barriers for
Ireland
2 Spain application creation and distribution.
7
France
Create a sustainable marketplace for
6 these user-created applications.
Turkey
4
1 www.dyse.org
Greece
Supported by:
27 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

28. Way forward & conclusions
• Web-of-Things 3.0
• OTT might not be the way to go in the WoT3.0
• There might be a role to play for Service Providers
• Stick to open & simple technologies (Web2.0++)
• Service Providers should offer true value towards end-users
(in their act of creating & consuming Web-of-Things applications)
• Openness is key
28 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)

29. Thank you for
your attention
29 Lieven Trappeniers (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent)