In this presentation we present the challenge of providing generic support for domain-specific model refactoring. We explain the need and present a solution to this problem by means of a case study. The case study uses a domain-specific modelling language for specifying and refactoring executable models of applications that use gestural interactions (hand movements) to control virtual objects in a 3D environment.

1. Challenges
in
so,ware
refactoring
Tom
Mens
and
Romuald
Deshayes
Faculty
of
Sciences,
University
of
Mons,
Belgium
Dagstuhl
Seminar
14211
“The
Future
of
Refactoring”
19-­‐23
May
2014,
Germany

2. Challenge
Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
• Context
– Executable
so,ware
models
are
expressed
in
a
domain-­‐
specific
modeling
language
• Goal
– Facilitate
model
development
by
providing
model
refactoring
support
– Verify
behaviour
preservaPon
• Challenge
– Provide
generic
support
for
domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
• Case
study
– Develop
executable
models
of
HMI
applicaPons
using
gestural
interac5on
with
virtual
3D
objects

3. Case
study:
gestural
interacPon
• ManipulaPng
books
on
a
virtual
bookshelf
PUT
SCREENSHOT
HERE

4. Case
study:
gestural
interacPon
• ManipulaPng
books
on
a
virtual
bookshelf
– Executable
model
is
expressed
in
GISMO
DSML

5. Case
study:
gestural
interacPon
ShooPng
arrows
with
a
virtual
bow

6. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
• Expressed
as
graph
transformaPons
(in
AtoMPM)
• Refactoring
examples
1. Add
reflexive
gesture
2. Switch
le,
and
right
hand
gestures
R_RightToLe,

7. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Behavior
preservaPon
• First
approach:
using
model
tesPng
– Specify
an
input
model,
run
the
applicaPon
using
the
input
model
and
verify
if
the
expected
output
is
reached
– Example:
if
we
run
the
following
input
model
from
acPve
state
Sheathed
we
should
reach
state
Drawn

8. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Behavior
preservaPon
• First
approach:
using
model
tesPng
if
we
run
the
input
model
from
state
“Sheathed”
we
should
reach
state
“Drawn”

9. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Behavior
preservaPon
• Second
approach:
by
verifying
properPes
on
the
model
1. Express
a
temporal
or
structural
properPes
using
the
concrete
DSML
syntax
2. AutomaPcally
convert
the
property
in
an
appropriate
formalism
• E.g.
express
temporal
properPes
as
LTL
constraints
in
the
PROMELA
verificaPon
modeling
language
• E.g.
express
structural
constraints
using
OCL
3. Use
model
checkers
to
verify
preservaPon
of
properPes
before
and
a,er
the
model
refactoring
• E.g.
SPIN
model
checker
for
temporal
constraints
in
PROMELA
• E.g.
OCL
model
checker
for
structural
constraints

10. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Behavior
preservaPon
• Examples
of
temporal
proper5es
– (Specific)
A
bow
cannot
be
bent
before
having
placed
an
arrow
on
it
– (Specific)
It
should
always
be
possible
to
return
to
the
“sheathed”
state
– (Generic)
Every
gesture
in
the
model
should
eventually
be
able
to
be
triggered
– (Generic)
Every
state
should
be
reachable
from
every
other
state

11. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Behavior
preservaPon
• Examples
of
structural
proper5es
– If
a
bow
is
in
the
bending
state,
the
number
of
available
arrows
must
be
>0
– A
bow
cannot
be
manipulated
by
more
than
one
hand

12. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Model
improvement
• Apply
model
refactorings
to
resolve
model
smells
– Model
smells
=
desired
properPes
that
are
not
saPsfied
by
the
model
• E.g.
It
should
always
be
possible
to
return
to
the
Sheathed
state
• This
property
is
not
verified
in
the
following
model
è

13. Domain-­‐specific
model
refactoring
Model
improvement
• Apply
model
refactorings
to
resolve
model
smells
– Model
smells
=
desired
properPes
that
are
not
saPsfied
by
the
model
• E.g.
It
should
always
be
possible
to
return
to
the
Sheathed
state
• Adding
a
gestural
transiPon
from
Drawn
to
Sheathed
makes
the
property
verified
è

14. Further
Reading
• J.
Zhang,
Y.
Lin,
J.
Gray.
Generic
and
Domain-­‐Specific
Model
Refactoring
Using
a
Model
TransformaPon
Engine.
In
Model-­‐Driven
So,ware
Development,
Springer
(2005)
• T.
Mens.
On
the
use
of
graph
transformaPons
for
model
refactoring.
GTTSE
(2006)
• R.Deshayes,
Ph.
Palanque,
T.
Mens.
A
generic
framework
for
executable
gestural
interacPon
models.
VL/HCC:
35-­‐38
(2013)
• R.
Deshayes:
A
domain-­‐specific
modeling
approach
for
gestural
interacPon.
VL/HCC:
181-­‐182
(2013)
• R.
Deshayes,
T.
Mens,
Ph.
Palanque.
PetriNect.
A
tool
for
executable
modeling
of
gestural
interacPon.
VL/HCC:
197-­‐198
(2013)
• B.
Meyers,
M.
Wimmer,
H.
Vangheluwe.
Towards
domain-­‐specific
property
languages:
The
ProMoBox
approach.
Proc.
ACM
workshop
Domain-­‐Specific
Modeling
(2013)