2. INTRODUCTION
 A filmstrip is one of the projective audio
visual that a fixed sequence related still on a
roll of 35 mm film.
 The filmstrip can be projected backside of the
map as convenience of the teaching situation
demand.
 A large number of subjects come with in the
range of filmstrips.
 The teacher only needs to tap the right type
of strip for his teaching purpose.

5. DEFINITION
 Filmstrip is a continuous strip of 35 mm
or 16mm or 8mm film consisting of
individual frames or pictures arranged in
sequence, usually with exploratory titles.

6. PREPARATION OF FILM STRIPS
 Filmstrips can be prepared either by
employing photographic methods or by
drawing picture by hand on the film itself.
 The steps in preparation are
 Select a suitable topic from the syllabus after
considering the possibilities of depicting the
subject matter by drawing photographs.
 Prepare a detail script describing the
contents of each frame indicating the method
of preparing it.
i.e. whether by at work or by photograph.

7.  Make rough sketches of the figure on the
paper so as to serve as guide when final
sketches are drawn
 Draw the sketches in suitable size
 Arrange the drawings $ enlarged photographs
 the material in correct sequence thus
arranged using 36mm film camera & prepare
negative.
 Prepare the guidebook, which is to follow the
filmstrips explaining the details of each frame.

8. METHODES OF USING
FILMSTRIPS:-
 A common manually operated film-strip protector is
used in following steps.
1. Place the film-strip projector on a rigid & stable
table.
2. Place the screen at an appropriate place so that
the whole class can see it.
3. Insert the film – strip on its carrier in its place
behind the object lens tube after opening the
tube.
4. Mount a film strip on its carrier
5. Insert the projector card plug into the wall
socket.

9. 6. Darken the room in which projection is to be
carried out.
7. Switch the cooling fan first & than the projection
bulb.
8. Focus the image on the screen sharply by moving
or objective lens forward & backward.
9. Show the slide the explain your subject matter
with its aid.
10. Move the film-strip to get the next frame
11. Present the frames sequentially.
12. After the lesson, switch off the bulb first then
the cooling fan unplug the film-stripe projector
store it back in its box.

10. ABOUT PROJECTOR
The film strip projector consists of:
 Projection camp
 Concave reflector
 Condenser lenses
 Heat filter
 Air blower
 Rotating film-strip carrier
 Projection lens

11. 1. Projection lamp
It normally used in projection. It is a gas filled tubular
lamp. Many projector manufactured today have a
halogen lamp of quartz iodine lamp. The quartz iodine
lamp gives out a very bright necessary for projection.
2. Concave Reflector
It is placed behind the filament assembly. It is used to
reflect back the light radiated from the back of the
filament assembly.
3. Condenser lenses
It condenses the light on the transparency.

12. 4. Heat filter
It is kept in between the censer lenses this filter, which is made of
special glass, absorbs the heat & projects the transparency from getting
heated excessively.
5. Air Blower
Cooling in filmstrips using lower voltage lamp are by convection. In
some protections it is by air cooler.
6. Rotating film-strip carrier
This consists of 2 wheels on which the film- strips are cooled. This
rotating carrier is rotated manually. Modern projectors have remote
control of automatic transport of filmstrips system.
7. Projection lens
The projection lens used in projectors is a converging coated
compound lens. All surfaces are coated with a film of
magnesium fluoride to increase the percentage of transmitted
light.

13. CARE AND OPERATION OF
THE PROJECTOR
 Handle it gently so as to prevent the damage
of lamp tube & photoelectric cells.
 Protect the projector from shakes, jerks
while transporting
 Never force apart for movement, as
misalignment may result in poor operation
 Frequent and proper cleaning is necessary to
assume a smooth operation and prevent
damage to the film
 All projector use 110-120 volts A.C. use
proper transformers to change 22o volts.
Otherwise film may get burnt.

14.  Check all the cables and connections frequently and
replace damage cables and plug.
 Always hold the film by edges and with slight
tension.
 Do not trail the film on the floor or table as it may
lead to scratches.
 Use carbon tetra chloride to clear films but never
use it for color films.
 The lens and the two glass plates through with the
filmstrip pass may be clean with a soft camel
hairbrush.
 In the projector , lamp should not be switched on
unless the blower is operating
Switching order ON (1) Blower (2) lamp
Switching order OFF (1) lamp (2) Blower

15. WHERE FILM STRIP CAN
BE PROJECTED
Film strip can be projected on the
 Screen
 Wall
 Paper screen
 Back side the map etc…

16. ABOUT SCREEN
 Projection screen are the based on which light
from the projectors is incident and the image is
formed.
 There are 2 types of projections.
Front projection
Rear projection
In front projection, the projector and audience
are on the same side of the screen.
In rear projection, the audience and the
projector are separated by translucent projection
screen.

17. TYPE OF SCREEN
 Matte screen :
This screen is ideal for indoor & outdoors. the screen
surface when it gets dirty can be washed using soap and with sponge.
 Beaded screen :
On the surface of write plastic base tiny glass
beads of diameter about 0.1 mm are spread. The intrinsic
brightness of image formed on beaded screen is very high.
 Processed metallic surface screens:
There are special screen of wide viewing angle,
with corrugated surface and coated with phosphorescent
substances.
 A beaded screen, of either per table type or fixed is ideal. But
for general purpose and use in indoors and outdoors, mettle
screen may be preferred.

18. EQUIPMENT TIP
 The projection equipment should be placed parallel to the
screen to prevent “key stoning” (a projected image that is
trapezoidal rather then rectangular) Correction for key
stoning ,
 To maintain a parallel relationship between the projection
equipment and the screen, may require moving the projector
or the projection lens or moving or trying back the bottom of
the screen.
 A screen placed in the corner of the classroom allows for
simultaneous use of it. To lesson the amount of ambient light
that reaches the screen and reduces images
 Place the screen in front of windows that have the greatest
linkage.

19. PRECAUTION WHILE USING FILM –
STRIP
 The Film strip, because of its fixed sequence, is
not as flexible for individual stills as the slides,
which can be in any order.
 The film strip is a “skill” medium .It cannot
portray effectively and is not intended to do
so.
 The film strip is easily damaged and is not easy
to repair.
 For presenting film strips in the class room
teacher need to analyses the significance of the
use of strip for educational purpose.

20.  Determine the lessons that could be effectively
illustrated with a strip.
 Preview film strip before using them.
 Show again any part of the film strips needing
move specific study.
 Use film strip to stimulate emotions built attitude
and to point out us problem.
 Use a pointer to direct attention to specific
details on screen.

21. AVAILABILITY
 Many useful filmstrips are available in:-
 The state department of education
 Public museum
 City libraries
 Municipal Education Department
 A wonderful inspiring as well as informative
series of 20 film –strip entitled “Bring India to
your class –room” has been recently by the Al
Mervyns studio Bombay.

22.  A Number of film strip are available &the central
film library, government of India, New Delhi.
(i) Current affairs – The united nation at work
(ii) History –Clive; making of modern
Germany
(iii) Civics –citizenship
(iv) Geography –Switzerland; Japan – life and
Industries.
(v) Physics –Atomic energy .
(vi) Hygiene – Nutrition; care of teeth.
(vii) Chemistry –Iron and steel; sulphur and it’s
compounds.

23. ADVANTAGE
 It is an economical visual materials
 It is easy to make and convenient to handle and carry.
 Takes up little space and can be easily stored.
 Provides a logical sequence to the teaching procedure and the
individual picture on the strip can be kept before the student
for a length of time.
 Film –strip can be projected on the screen or wall or paper
screen as the convenience and the teaching situation demands.
 It is available both in color & blank & white.
 Good to use – afterward, have a discussion to see whether
people have understood the subject.
DISADVANTAGES
Its frame connect be remove or substitute .It this becomes
necessary them the strip can be cut into slides & mounted.

24. USES OF FILM-STRIP ON
A.V.AIDS
 Use of motion –picture films
 The films strip can be shown at the speed
that appears desirable.
 The entire class can discuss the pictures as
they are shown
 It much less cost & with far greater
flexibility.

25. SUMMARY
 So far we have been discussed about
introduction ,definition, Preparation of
film strip , methods of using film strip
,About projector ,about the screen about
equipment , advantage & disadvantage of
film strip .