DC Water faced significant problems with grease buildup in sewer lines causing blockages and overflows. Testing of Ecobiotix, a microbial product, showed that it reduced grease levels in sewer lines by 75% with no damage to equipment. Ecobiotix offers benefits over harsh chemical alternatives as it is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and can degrade hydrocarbons and other pollutants. DC Water saw improved flow after using Ecobiotix and it continues to provide benefits by creating a microbial barrier in the sewer lines.

1. CASE STUDY
DCWASA CASE STUDY
Of
F.O.G.
Version 1.0: 08.23.10
Presented by: Tyrone K. Duggins
President & CEO
Direct 202-441-0419
tyrone@cetionline.com
Disclaimer
Any case studies, testimonials, examples and illustrations cannot guarantee that the user will
achieve similar results. In fact, your results may vary significantly and factors such as your
market, personal commitment, environmental factors and many other circumstances may and will
cause results to vary.

2. CASE STUDY
Client approval: Yes No
Note whether your case study needs to be ready in time for a specific event:
Date: 08/23/2010 Event: Wastewater Project Proposal
Your company information
Branch Cornerstone Environmental Technologies Incorporated
Address P.O. Box 905
City, state, ZIP Code Mount Airy, MD 21771
Phone number 301-829-8990
Fax number 866-295-6950
Contact name Tyrone K. Duggins
Title President & CEO
Phone number 202-441-0419
Fax number 866 295 6950
E-mail address tyrone@cetionline.com
Solution group CETI Customer Solution Group
Solution offering
Project name or title Wastewater Project Proposal
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 2

3. CASE STUDY
Customer profile
Customer name District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority
Division Pumping Station
Address 5000 Overlook Avenue S.W.
City, state, ZIP Code Washington, D.C. 20032
Phone number 202-787-2000 (M-F 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.)
Fax number 202-787-2333
Web site address http://www.dcwater.com
Industry Wastewater Treatment
Number of employees 1000
Annual revenue $345,000,000
Contact name David Davis
Title Technician
Phone number (202) 812-0380
Fax number 202-787-2333
E-mail address ddavis@dcwasa.com
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 3

4. CASE STUDY
Case Study for: District of Columbia Water And Sewer Authority
Company profile
From 1938 to 1996, the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Utility Administration was part of the District
Government. In 1996, the District Government initiated the creation of the District of Columbia Water and
Sewer Authority (DC WASA), an independent authority of the District of Columbia providing services to the
region. On April 18, 1996, following a 30-day Congressional review period, the District Council enacted DC
Law 11-111, "The Water and Sewer Authority Establishment and Department of Public Works
Reorganization Act of 1996."
DC WASA began a renewal period to improve delivery of water and wastewater treatment services to the
District and regional customers and to improve and replace the water and sewer infrastructure. Like many
older East Coast cities, Washington, DC's aging water and sewer infrastructure was in dire need of major
renovations and general maintenance.
Among other operational changes, DC WASA's finances were no longer tied to the District's overall budget.
This marked a positive change for the organization and its customers since every dollar collected by DC
WASA could then be reinvested into operations and capital improvements. Funding for operations,
improvements and debt financing now comes through user fees, grants an Revised FY 2010 operating
budget totals $382.3 million the sale of revenue bonds. In 2010, DC WASA initiated a rebranding
campaign and is now known as DC Water. The lifetime budget for the Water Service Area (including
Meter Replacement / AMR installation) is $1.2 billion, an increase of $192 million from last year's
Cost Improvement Program (C.l.P.) This is primarily driven by the increase of more than $300
million associated with the Water Facility Plan This update was competed in FY 2009, offset by a
reduction of $97 million from the lead service line replacement program. This document provided
the basis for a ramp up, beginning in FY 2010 with an increase of $14.5 million, of the
replacement of one percent of the water infrastructure per year.
Business Assessment
Sewer blockages and overflows often lead to costly maintenance. The current median age of
small diameter water mains is 74 years old, and 180 miles of pipe are greater than 100 years old.
Unlined cast iron pipe accounts for 740 miles. Calculated in 2008 dollars, this will require over
$2.6 billion for replacement/rehabilitation...Currently, DCWASA is replacing small mains at a
renewal rate of 0.35% per year or about 4 miles per year…this needs to be increased to a
minimum replacement rate of 1% or about 1.1 miles per year at a cost of at least $30 million
annually. Key recommendations of 2009 Water Facilities Plan Update: Continue a two-pronged,
parallel approach to the CIP program - implement identified projects resulting from ongoing
system condition and needs assessment and increase and continue an annual water main
renewal program. Based on a 20-year planning horizon, this will require over a $900 million
increase (2008 dollars) in capital spending that addresses currently identified projects for
($2l7million) and a minimum recommended water main renewal of (1% replacement rehab)
program ($700 million). - Plan work holistically, e.g. plan valve, fire hydrant and lead service
replacements in conjunction with location-specific water main replacements as well as sewer
needs and the work of outside agencies working in public space.
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 4

5. CASE STUDY
Technical Evaluation/Testing
DCWASA has been plagued with chronic flow path problems for several years in its sanitation
sewer lines in the District of Columbia. FOG (Fats, Oil and Grease) has been identified as one of
the major causes for sewer backups and overflows. These backups and overflows can be the
result of grease buildups that can cause property damage, environmental problems, and other
health hazards. FOG gets into the sewers mainly from commercial food preparation
establishments that do not have adequate grease control measures in place, such as grease
interceptors. All too often, FOG is washed into the plumbing system, usually through kitchen
sinks and floor drains in food preparation areas and sticks to the inside of storm or sewer pipes
on both private and public space. Over time, it builds up and eventually blocks the entire pipe,
causing sewage backups and overflows. DCWASA is often faced with the introduction of
pollutants into its wastewater system. Those pollutants include, but are not limited to: Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons or (PAHs) that can be pyrogenic in addition to petrogenic in
nature…these pollutants can create fire and explosion hazards in the wastewater system. Some
of these pollutants include, but are not limited to: gasoline, oil, antifreeze, kerosene, peroxides
sulfides to name a few. Those conditions exist when said contaminants reach a prohibitive level
in the waste stream flow path and have a closed-cup flashpoint of less than 140 degrees
Fahrenheit or 60 degrees Centigrade. Additionally, problems faced by these facilities include
pollutants which have corrosive properties capable of damaging or creating a hazard to
structures, equipment, processes and personnel of the District’s wastewater system, including,
but not limited to, discharges with a pH of less than 5, or greater than 10. Based on current water
quality testing, DC WASA is fully compliant with water quality regulations; however, tuberculation,
which is characteristic in old, unlined pipes, can result in discolored water, taste and odor
problems, turbidity, low chlorine residual and increases in potential for bio-films. Moreover, bio-
solids and viscous substances with a specific gravity greater than 2.50 may cause or contribute to
obstruction of the flow path in a sewer or otherwise interfere with the operation of the wastewater
system which include, but are not limited to, grease, blood, spent lime, gas, tar, fuel, lubricating
oil etc. These are also identified as substances which are oxygen demanding pollutants, that will
inhibit the biological activity of processes in the Districts wastewater system and when released in
discharges at a flow rate, or concentration or combination of both can often result in the presence
of toxic, noxious or malodorous substances which are capable of creating a public nuisance or
hazard to humans, animals and the general public. Clogged sewers can lead to overflows into the
street which eventually enters the storm drain system. At that point, the overflow may be carried
to local creeks and rivers, creating health risks for swimmers, fish and plant life. Additionally,
sewer blockages and overflows can lead to costly maintenance. Sewer lines were found to
contain Benzene, Dichloromethane, Tetrachloroethane, Toluene, Chloroethylene, Chrysene,
Anthracene, 2-Chlorophenol, 1, 1-Dichloroethylene, 1, 2-Dichlorobenzene, Fluorene, Pyrene,
Napththalene and Chlorobenzene to name a few. Based on the information DC Water faces
significant problems with B.O.D. & C.O.D. problems, while, fats, oil, grease and other petroleum
based products are being introduced into their system daily. Their attempt to remedy this
problem resulted in corrosion damage to the washers in the jetters. The frontline staff and
workers that are frequently in the ‘hole’ spoke to us about a granular formulation that is currently
being used that creates an extremely caustic vapor that has a severe reaction when water is
added to it. The mist and/vapors reportedly caused a severe chemical reaction that caused
burning and lingering irritation to workers’ eyes and a burning sensation in their nasal septum’s.
The workers stated that their need to wear protective wear was as much for protection from the
hazardous material being used to break up the FOG element in the system as for the presence of
the grease, oils and sludge that was present.
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 5

6. CASE STUDY
Quality Assurance Solution
After an initial application of EcoBiotix in selected 12” and 24” lines over a period of 24--72 hours,
the presence of very dense grease and other bio-solids in the lines was reduced by an estimated
75%. The water pressure was restored and eventually gravity has been able to restore
downstream flow in the affected areas. There has been very little buildup since using the product
in those lines. This is due to the presence of selective and naturally occurring microbes, which
create a microbial barrier in the lines and continue to feed downstream in those lines.
Incidentally, the product which is apparently and completely non-corrosive did no damage to the
jetters, which are in, on-line use, on their trucks. The first use of Ecobiotix occurred during the
cold season and the use of the ‘other’ product was deemed necessary because the cold weather
was considered a negative factor regarding enzymatic products up until now.
The prevailing thought was that a caustic material might be needed to get movement on the
grease. Ecobiotix has proven to refute that theory, or prior condition. It can be applied directly
into the water lines, via manholes or by removal of pipe sections when necessary and comes in a
ready to use formulation that does not require mixing. Ecobiotix is also being used as a powerful
disinfectant throughout the pumping station as well. Eco-toxicity—Ecobiotix is not toxic to marine
life and can be applied at such a dosage so as not to create exposure threats that cause the gills
of fish to be damaged or for respiration to otherwise be reduced. Respiratory damage is a typical
reaction and outcome to using the present class of dispersants approved for use in domestic oil
spills. Ecobiotix has undergone Whole Effluent Toxicity Tests—having passed with 95%
confidence on the Chronic Pass/Fail and Acute LC50. The organisms tested were: Ceriodaphnia
Dubia and Pimephales Promelas (Fathead Minnows). The Acute tests are short-term tests,
usually 96 hours or less. The acute test determines if the effluent would be lethal to aquatic life
and measures whether the fathead minnows and Ceriodaphnia live or die. The testing protocols
have strict test conditions that include a constant temperature, specific light quality and intensity,
dissolved oxygen requirements, etc. Additionally, Ecobiotix has undergone EPA Test Method 625
modified for: Chrysene, Ethanol, 2-Butoxy, 2-Propanol, 1-Butoxy, Dodecane, Pentadecane,
Triacontane, Octacosane, Tridecane, Tetradecane, Eiconsane, Hexadecane, Pentadecane, 2, 6,
10, 14-Tetramethyl, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Nonadecane, Tricosane, & Hexatriacontane.
15mL of sample was extracted two times with 5mL dichloromethane. Extracts were then pooled
and concentrated to 1.0mL. 20mg/L internal standard mix was used for quantization. Ecobiotix
has been tested for and received a certificate of analysis for treating Frac Mud and Frac Water.
The hydrocarbon content in the Frac Mud was reduced by 21% over a 48 hour period employing
a 5% dilution of Ecobiotix using the EPA 8015B Test method. CETI has also had the Louisiana
Raw Crude Oil from the Gulf of Mexico’s Deepwater Horizon spill tested as well. The test
employed was EPA Test 8260B which can be provided upon request. Ecobiotix was
administered over a five day testing phase while demonstrating a 5% reduction of total
hydrocarbons from Benzene, Bromoform, Trichloroethane, Vinyl Chloride, Toluene, Chloroform,
Styrene to Xylene among a range of many others. There were 0ver 60x hydrocarbons and other
compounds identified in the crude oil sample provided from the Gulf, some of it weathered and
very, very viscous and thick….almost asphaltic or tar like. The samples received were in salt
water with a very, very pungent odor. Ecobiotix has degraded and eliminated the mal-olfactory
challenge as well and this outcome was achieved in 5 days. It is an odor eliminator as well as a
waste degrader.
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 6

7. CASE STUDY
Benefits
The industrial use of microbes and enzymes has increased greatly during the last several years.
Prospects are excellent for continuing increased usage of presently utilized microbes and
enzymes in present applications and in new uses. Microbial and enzymatic cultures have several
distinct advantages for use in industrial processes:
1. They are of natural origin and are non-toxic.
2. They have great utility and specificity of action; hence can bring about reactions not
otherwise easily carried out.
3. They work best under mild conditions of ambient temperature and near neutral pH,
thus not requiring drastic conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high acidity
and the like, which necessitate special expensive equipment.
4. They act rapidly at relatively low concentrations and the rate of reaction can be
readily controlled by adjusting temperature, pH and the amount of microbes and
enzymes employed.
5. They are easily inactivated when a reaction has gone as far as desired.
Because of these inherent advantages, many industries are keenly interested in adapting
microbial & enzymatic methods to the requirements of their processes. Examples of some
applications under intensive investigation include: removing hair from and degreasing hides and
pelts, as well as, improving the soaking and liming effect in the leather-making process.
Additionally, in the pulp and paper industry, liquid enzyme preparations have proven to be
particularly useful in reducing pitch deposits on rolls and other equipment during the production
process. There are also specific strains of microbes used in waste treatment products which are
specifically developed for the degradation of waste. The benefits include grease removal and
having the ability of degrading hydrocarbons and other waste materials that may adhere to
industrial equipment and in collection systems as well as improved degradation in waste
treatment systems. An additional use includes the de-inking process, whereby, the enzymes
dislodge ink from fiber surfaces and disperse ink particles to a finite size for greater utility of
cleaning. Our composition is comprised of microbes which are specifically adapted for high
production of extracellular enzymes, producing bacteria that are both aerobic and anaerobic so
that they will propagate with or without air in its environment. They also have a preservative
system to prevent contamination by outside vegetative organisms. These are but some of the
advantages of Ecobiotix. Of importance to note is that Ecobiotix has now been demonstrated to
degrade Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or (PAHs). PAHs are the class of hydrocarbons
containing 2 or more fused aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds are environmentally
harmful as they can be carcinogenic or mutagenic. Due to their abundance in the environment
with comparatively simple detect ability and toxicity to mammals and aquatic organisms, the
USEPA has included in the priority list of pollutants, 16 non-substituted PAHs as indicators of
PAH pollution. They include: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, anthrax-cene,
phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthraxcene, fluoranthene, chrysene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthraxcene, benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Methylnapthalene, [b]fluoranthene,
benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. The use of Ecobiotix
takes into account, a relatively short operational period of time, degradation of contaminants
below detection levels and lower overall cost. Another recent application of enzymes and
microbes has been in clinical test reagents. Additional developments in this field can be
expected.
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 7

8. CASE STUDY
Products and Services Your Company Employs
Ecobiotix is a superior microbial and enzymatic product technology that employs multiple
microbial strains that are specifically adapted for high production of extracellular enzymes
producing bacteria that are both aerobic and anaerobic so that they will propagate with or without
air in its environment. Ecobiotix is incorporated in a suitable form to be conveniently added to
liquid detergents in liquid form or as slurry. By design Ecobiotix includes bio-surfactants and
specific micro-organisms which provide for greater utility in high temperature or cold temperature
environments. Ecobiotix offers microbial and enzymatic cultures which have greater utility in salt
water environments as well as in a corrosive environment.
Services Provided By Companies Other Than C.E.T.I.
CETI utilizes or will utilize the testing services of:
 Martel Labs
 Fredericktown Labs, Inc.
 WSSC Laboratory Services Group
 Bio-Aquatic Testing, Inc.
 Penniman & Browne, Inc.
 Mettler-Toledo
CETI CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 8