Dr ebrahimi's presentation slides from the 2010 World National Oil Companies Congress

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World National Oil Companies Congress-
4th Annual Event
London, UK
MAXIMISING THEMAXIMISING THE
VALUE OFVALUE OF STRATEGICSTRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS
NOCsNOCs && IOCsIOCs
By: Dr S N EbrahimiBy: Dr S N Ebrahimi
Assistant Professor of InternationallawAssistant Professor of Internationallaw
Senior Negotiator of InternationalPetroleum ContractsSenior Negotiator of InternationalPetroleum Contracts
snebrahimi@yahoo.comsnebrahimi@yahoo.com
Monday 21 June 2010
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NOCs/IOCs Relationship Via
Conventional Major
International O&G Contracts
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Major Oil Contracts
Interactions between NOCs and IOCs
in various petroleum contracts has
been envisaged in major international
oil contracts as follow:
Concession Agreements
PSA/PSC
JV/JOA
Service Contracts
Buy-Back Contracts

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Concession Agreements
IOC HGGranting IOC an exclusive right to
explore, appraise, develop, produce
and exploit oil and gas fields in a HG
territory.
Financing the Project, carrying out
exploration,appraisal,development and
production
Payment of Royalties and Taxes to HG
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Production Sharing
IOC NOCAuthorizing IOC to explore, develop
and produce oil from the field
Financing the Project, carrying out
exploration,developmentand production
Distribution of Production between
IOC and NOC after TAX payment
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Description of a Typical PSA
IOC NOCPSA
No field yet
discovered
Exploration, Appraisal, Development
And Production of oilfield by IOC
As authorized by NOC

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Description of PSA
IOC’s Obligations
PSANOC IOC
MinimumInvestment in E & A
Preparation of Scope of works
Completion of E & A during a time limit
Bearing all Costs and Risks in E & A Phases
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Description of PSA
IOC’s Obligations (cont.)
PSANOC IOC
Transferring ownership of assets to NOC
Payments of fees and bonuses
Spending necessary funds for D & p
Local suppliers & staff, training, local content
Work Program for Field Development
Plan (FDP)
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Description of PSA
NOCs Obligations
PSANOC IOC
Recovery of Costs from Production,
subject to audit
Authorising IOC to Explore,
Appraisal, Develop and Produce
Right to receive a share of production
Providing, or assisting IOC to obtain,
permissions and licences, water, power, land
and so on.

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Joint Venture may be established
by forming a new company in the
home country or abroad.
Joint Venture may be established
by a joint Operating Agreement
without having a separate legal
personality.
Relations between states and Joint
Venture can be considered under
two following models:
Joint Venture (JV)
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Relations between State
and Joint Venture (1st Model)
NOC
Joint Venture
HG IOC
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NOC
NOC’s
subsidiary
Joint Venture
HG IOC
Relations between State
and Joint Venture (1st Model)

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Joint Operating Agreements
IOC NIOCJoining with each other for exploration,
developmentand production
JointlyFinancing the Project, and
Combining all efforts and materialsfor the
carrying out of exploration,development
and production
Distribution of Revenue between IOC
and NOC after TAX payment
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Service Contracts
IOC NIOC
Authorizing the contractor to
explore, develop and produce
Carrying out exploration, development
and production on behalf of NOC
Payment of the Fee under a schedule
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Buy-Back Contracts
IOC NIOC
Authorizing the contractor to
develop oilfield
Financing and carrying out
development operations
Allocation of a part of oil produced/
revenue generated/ from the field to
recover costs and profits.

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ContemporaryContemporary
Concerns of NOCs inConcerns of NOCs in
O&G IndustryO&G Industry
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Political Reasons
E&D&P of petroleum resources as sole
responsibility of NOCs
Control over Oil Industry
participate in decision making process;
have access to advanced knowledge in
technical, administration, and commercial
aspects of oil operations;
Contemporary Concerns of
NOCs
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Opposing Foreign
Domination
The attitude to rule out, prevent or
terminate foreign domination over
domestic petroleum resources
prevails in oil producing countries;
New trends in nationalist
approaches of NOCs
Contemporary Concerns of NOCs

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Economic Benefits
Obtaining a large share of revenue from oil
exploitation
Undertaking exploration, development and
exploitation of oil resources
Obtaining ownership of resources and
materials
Controlling domestic price of oil
consumption
Expandinga national economic and
revenues from its oil and gas resources
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Security and Promotion of Local Content and
Employment
The oil producing countries may intend to secure
their domestic supply, through state participation in
E&D&P of oil resources.
Engagement of local employees, vendors and sub-
contractors in upstream oil and gas activities
Employment of nationals, purchase of local products
or services, training and transfer of knowledge or
technology subcontracting local companies
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Values addition and job creation to
improve quality of life for the people
Utilizing foreign experiences and maintain
them in the country to be used for future
developments of the country
Ability and willingness of local companies
and suppliers to invest locally in the chains
of business and infrastructure of the
country, otherwise, they will not support
the foreign investment

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Transfer of Technology &
Know-How
Access to advanced technology in
respect of management, commercial,
technical and marketing,
Access to know-how through training
programs and day to day operations
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Overcoming on Technical Difficulties
Developing Brown Fields v. Green
Fields
Developing Small Sized Fields
Developing Heavy, Sour and
unconventional fields
Developing high pressure high
Developing 2nd or 3rd generations of
the reservoirs
Developing EOR/IOR types of projects23
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Banking / Monetary Policy
Currency Exchange
Development of Banking Rates and Capacity
Capital Markets
Inclusion of HGs/NOCs in regional and international
emerging market
Develop capital market by mortgage law & other
derivatives
Privatization
Clarification on Oil and Gas Rules and
Regulations as well as Fiscal Regime

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Economic Crisis or Sanctions
Reduced availability of finance for IOCs due to the financial
crisis has led to NOCs becoming involved in the financing of
PSA projects;
NOCs involvement through self-financing result in greater
control and larger share of the profit for the NOCs;
The partnership model could be applied in these
circumstances.
In some oil countries, nowadays, IOCs/OSC/Contractors will
provide works and services, under a more flexible contracting
structure, and all payments are made in cash/proceeds. They
will get incentives (RF/ROR) when performance is better than
expected 25
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Increased Capacity on Management and HR
Excess Capital Capacity
Shareholders Concerns and Strong Voices
Competitive Edge
Sovereignty Concerns
Nation Wide Concerns
NOCs have also further concerns:
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Active Participation v. Passive Participation
Policy in Maximization of Revenues
Long Term Involvement in E&D&P
Enhance Recovery (IOR/EOR)
HSE and Environment Concerns
Title, Ownership and Possession (the
concern increased due to oil and gas price
increase)

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Involvement in Supply Chain Business
(particularly gas market and LNG)
Policy Shift from Raw Materials/Crude to
Value Added Chains
Ambitions of Internationalization
More Engagement in Foreign Markets
(Regional and International)
Trends on More Supervision, Monitoring and
Control of E&D&P
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Contemporary
Concerns of IOCs
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There are many Financial and
Operational challenges in addition
to Geopolitical, Economic and
Contractual issues when a Foreign
Operator decides to move into a
new international venture
IOCs should consider the political
and legal mandates preventing
NOC to freely move around.
Contemporary Concerns of IOCs

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IOCs should consider the following
Challenges:
Geopolitical & political risks (e.g. in Middle East such as Iraq,
Iran)
Concerns from NOCs’ Stakeholders (HGs, NOCs’
Shareholders, NGOs, Local Communities, SCRs)
History & Culture
Laws and Regulations
Logistics & Personnel
Security Threats & Mitigation Strategies
Contractual Issues & Hidden Risks
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Using High Technology in Geological &
Geophysical Encouraging R&D Infrastructure
Social Welfare
Building new network for assembling and
sharing knowledge
Bringing new approaches to development
Promoting trade and financial stabilities
Wide use of cross-sector partnership to
enhance social development
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More Issues on HSE and EIA
for E&P Projects (e.g. Gulf of
Mexico and BP)
More environmental
challenges
chemicals release and pollution
greenhouse gas releases
waste disposal, including drilling
muds
decommissioning of platforms
transport accidents, and risk of blow-
outs
on-shore impacts (e.g.. waste
disposal, ..)
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IOCs should realize the role of NOCs in :
development of local economy,
inducement of private sector to
participate in the oil industry,
alleviation of unemployment,
attraction of advance technology,
having trained NOCs personnel.
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Lack of understanding of laws and
regulations by the IOCs personnel
and management (though they hire
the best lawyers before entering into
the host country)
Wiping out the Long Term Negative
Records in Exploiting Foreign
Resources
Setting Aside Arrogance
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What IOCs should provide:
Localization of IOC’s Venture Set Up and
Management Performance
Local HSE and Environment Concerns
Cooperation, Coordination and Joint
Ventures
Creating Value Chains to NOCs
Technical, Financial, Administrative and
ManagerialSupport and Assistance

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Engagement in Education, Training and R&D
Activities with NOCs
Partnership with NOCs in non-host Markets
(Regional and International)
Domiciliation and Indigenization
Utilization of Local Knowledge and
Experience
Utilization of Local Companies, Finance
Institutes and Banks
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IOCs should also realize that:
100 or more NOCs influencing on the
direction and dynamics of the present-day
petroleum sector.
85 percent of global oil reserves are in the
hands of governments and NOCs
Timely and efficient manner for
exploration and development of oil and
gas fields are important for NOCs
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Increased production, particularly
IOR/EOR as requested by NOCs will be
a complex endeavor, with higher levels
of financial, operating and political risk.
There is a broad spectrum of
development levels, capabilities,
resources and needs among the world's
NOCs.
With the wide spread change of political
climate and dramatic increase in oil
prices, the need to form strong strategic
allegiances for oil exploration is higher
than ever.

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What Should Be Done
Today in Relationship
Between NOCs & IOCs
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The relations between the HGs and
NOCs to be reconstructed.
The role of NOCs to be redefined
as required for a commercialized
NOCs
What Should Be Done Today?
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IOCs must balance between its own
objectives and goals to make acceptable
return with the government and NOCs
objectives and goals to the satisfaction
of NOCs stakeholders
IOCs should be able to satisfactorily
address NOCs concerns via effective
contractual mechanisms and
establishing long term cooperation and
dynamic relationship

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Negotiating with NOCs,
IOCs and HGs is a key
issue in the current
climate, as is the necessity
to form the right
partnership and contract
to benefit all parties.
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Finally, the followings are examples of
factors ask both NOCs and IOCs to
review and optimize petroleum
contracts on the E&D&P
projects:
The changing role of the NOCs,
The growing demands by national
governments,
competitiveness for establishing presence in
new regions and
High oil price and market fluctuations
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Demand for the sustainable economic development in
the oil and gas producing countries
Easy Access to capital, technology, and Know-how,
and technical services by NOCs
Policy of NOCs to manage, control and supervise the
natural resources
Increase of NOCs competitive edge
Increase of privatization and internationalization
process in the oil and gas exporting countries
Intention of NOCs to have strong presence in the
world oil and gas market

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Why Strategic Partnership
Between NOCs & IOCs?
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7-47
Why Strategic Partnership?
It is no longer an era in which a
single company can dominate any
technology or business by itself.
The technology has become so
advanced, and the markets so
complex, that you simply can’t
expect to be the best at the whole
process any longer.
—Fumio Sato, CEO, Toshiba Electronics Co.
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Definition of Strategic Partnership
Strategic partnerships are partnerships
between NOCs & IOCs which decide they can
better pursue their mutual goals by
combining their resources – financial,
managerial, technological – as well as their
existing distinctive competitive advantages
Thus
Long Term Partnership
Contributory Nature of Partnership
Added-Value Based Partnership
Parties to Strategic Partnership in O&G Projects
HGs v. IOCs
NOCs v. IOCs
IOCs v. SOCs
Others 48

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Types of Partnership
JV (when two or more companies create an independent
company)
Alliances
• Equity strategic alliances (two or more partners have different relative
ownership shares (equity percentages) in the new venture)
• Non-equity strategic alliances (when agreements are carried
out through contract rather than ownership sharing)
PA
Consortium
Levels of engagement in Strategic Partnership
Unlimited
Limited
• Technical
• Financial
• Contractual
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Basic Slogan: “If you can’t beat them, join them.”
To obtain the following benefits:
To avoid import barriers, licensing requirements and other
protectionist legislation
To share the costs and risks of the research and development
of new reservoirs, products and processes
To gain access to specific markets
To reduce political risk while making inroads into a new market
To gain rapid entry into a new or consolidating industry and to
take advantage of synergies
To share the TFCL Risks
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IOCs are maintaining some downstream
assets, and want to maintain markets for
their overseas refineries & NOCs like to
invest in downstream, mainly in
partnership/JV’s (e.g. Petrovietnam,
Kuwait Petroleum, and NIOC)
Market Optimisation and Enhancement
PPP Establishment of Energy Funds
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Rising social costs are increasing the need for
private/foreign investment
Value Management
Value Engineering
Assets Value
Knowledge Value
Supply Chains
Contract value
knowledge building, sharing of information
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Challenges of Strategic
Partnership Between NOCs
& IOCs?
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Challenges of Strategic Partnership
Selection of and agreement on the right type of
partnership (e.g. PA/JV/Alliances)
Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent
liabilities at full fair value
Intangible assets recognized separately at fair
value
Challenge is to obtain appropriate comfort over
internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) of
operators.
• JV Audit Process
• Controls over JV Billing Process
• Validation of revenues vs. expenditures
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How to find proper model to address the following issues:
national and corporate cultures of the parties,
overcoming language and communication barriers,
in building trust between the parties over
how to share proprietary assets and management
processes.
Though partnerships present a faster and less risky route to
globalization, but they should work in the highly
competitive environment,
Cross-border partners have difficulty in collaborating
effectively, especially in competitively sensitive and
strategic areas such as oil and gas, creating mistrust and
secrecy, which then undermine the purpose of the
partnership.
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They shift the outside competition between
IOCs and NOCs into internal most of the time
hidden competition between them
The enticing benefits of cross-border
partnerships often mask their many pitfalls.
Cross-Border partnership between NOCs and
IOCs not only may create imbalance of
technology and knowledge-skill, but also may
create the followings:
conflicting strategic goals and objectives,
cultural clashes, and
disputes over management and control systems.
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How to Maximize the
Benefits of Partnership
Between NOCs & IOCs?

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How to Maximize the Benefits of
Partnership?
No contractual conflict of interests and
better understanding of terms and
conditions of the contractual system
voluntary initiatives
partnership with responsibility,
accountability, transparency
technology innovation & development (e.g.
processes (from the well to the wheel)
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management systems (e.g. supply chain
management)
transfer of “best practices”
develop and maintain an international standard
Greater CSR and ethics
Social partnerships
Environment and social reporting
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Partnership?
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Clear definition
Targets & Objectives
Scope of works and Services
Investment & Operatorship
Leadership
Establishment of Committees:
JMC
Technical Working CommitteeTechnical Working Committee
Work Implementation CommitteeWork Implementation Committee
Well Workgroup Seismic WorkgroupWell Workgroup Seismic Workgroup
Coordination Procedures
Mandatory Reporting Systems/Protocols
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Partnership?

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Agreeing on primary Business
Principles
Win-win Principle
Good Faith Principle
Utmost Trust
Loyalty
Freedom of Contract/Party Autonomy
Creating alignment
On Objectives
Scope
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Partnership?
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Effectively Managing Risks in
NOC/IOC Relationship
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NOCs/IOCs Relationship
The relationship between NOCs and IOCs is
essential in promoting foreign investment in
E&P projects
Investment in E&P is determined by the
balance between opportunity and risk
Both IOCs and NOCs are in competition,
mostly forced by the market conditions, to
improve their competitive positions

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WinWin--Win ApproachWin Approach
- The interaction between NOCs
and IOCs leads to a win-win
outcome when each side feels they
have won.
- Since both sides gets benefits
from such an agreement, the long
term relationship would be much
more secured
- Thus, any differences and
disputes arises over the term of
the agreement will be much easier
settled through cooperation, based
on the win-win approach
NOCsNOCs
Win-WinWin-Win
IOCsIOCs
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65
For a win-win approach,
The role of NOC in development of
petroleum resources should be well
defined by legislation
The relations between the state and
NOC shall be reconstructed.
The benefit of alliances with IOCs
should be realized by NOCs
NOCs should realize the importance
to be competitive
The role of NOC should be redefined
as required for a commercialized
NOC
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For a win-win approach,
IOCs should consider the political and legal
mandates preventing NOC to freely move
around
IOCs should realize the role of NOC in
development of local economy, inducement of
private sector to participate in the oil
industry, alleviation of unemployment,
attraction of advance technology, and having
trained personnel.

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67
For a win-win approach:
IOCs should realize that refusing a deal does
not mean that others may think the same;
they may lose a deal to other rivals.
IOCs should always be creative in providing
different contractual mechanisms and
suggestions to address NOCs concerns.
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Final Remarks
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Though the world is running out of oil and gas, but Oil and
Natural gas will continue to be the primary energy sources
for years to come. Unconventional oil and gas will become
increasingly more important.
Though there is increasing convergence between IOCs and
NOCs, significant differences exist in asset ownership
patterns across the value chain, and that makes the
partnership arrangement difficult
While IOCs have greater interests in upstream investments,
NOCs like partnership more in downstream. However, NOCs
partnership in downstream investments will also dictate an
increase in upstream investments to guarantee supply
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Final Remarks

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Main QUESTIONS TO BE
ANSWERED?
Whether IOCs will be to address all
the said contemporary issues and
concerns to the satisfaction of
NOCs and HGs?
Final Remarks
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Whether IOCs will be
pushed back just to TSA
and TT operations in the
Market as MAJOR
SERVICE COMPANIES?
Final Remarks
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Whether NOCs and IOCs will be able
define new roles of ENGAGMENT,
RELATIONSHIP, COOPERATION in
E&D&P Projects with NEW MODEL
CONTRACTS?
Whether HGs & NOCs welcomes
IOCs proposals for the partnership
agreements?
Final Remarks

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Whether NOCs will be able
internationalize their
operations to substitute
prevailing IOCs roles in the
oil and gas Market
FOREVER?
Final Remarks
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THANK YOU
VERY MUCH
snebrahimi@yahoo.com
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Dr Ebrahimi’s Resume
(CV)

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CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
Dr S N Ebrahimi
Dr S N Ebrahimi (LLB 1990, Iran; LLM 1994, UK; and Ph.D. 1998, UK, is the
Associate Professor of International Law, Ex-MoB and Legal & Contractual Director
of PEDEC/NIOC, and the Chief Negotiator of International Petroleum Contracts,
NIOC.
He is an outstanding negotiator in international oil & gas contracts; Attorney at
Law and Legal Advisor on International Contractors and Claims particularly Oil and
Gas; member of Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, UK; Legal Advisor to Bureau of
International and Legal Services (B.I.L.S) dealing with Iran-US Tribunal claims
(1992-1999), the Hague-Tehran; Member of “British Institution on International
Law”, UK; Member of International Bar Association, UK; Member of “International
Family Law Institution”, the Hague, Netherlands;
He is also Associate Professor of International law in Tehran, lecturing the
following subjects:
Oil and Gas Laws and Contracts,
TFCL Strategic Management of Industry Contracts,
Contract Risk Recognition and Management,
Private International Law,
General Jurisprudence of Law,
International Commercial Arbitration,
International Trade Law,
Competition Trade law,
Law for Professional Project Managers .
76
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He has written books in Farsi (Private International Law (Introduction, Nationality, Domicile,
Status of Aliens and Refuges, Extradition and Foreign Investment in Iran) and English
(Mandatory Rules and Other Party Autonomy Limitations in International Contractual
Obligations, with Particular Reference to the Rome Convention, 1980) and so many articles
in international contractual obligations; private international law; international commercial
arbitration; Iran’s oil Buy-Back Contracts; Insurance in developing oil and gas industry;
product liability and consumer protection.
He has delivered so many lectures/presentations inside and outside the country and in
international forum as well as so many workshops in general industry and particularly oil
and gas industry
For so many years he has been a member of the Board of Petroleum Engineering and
Development Company, Director of Legal and Contractual Affairs, Petroleum Engineering
and Development Company and Member of the Commission for the Transactions/Call for
Tenders, PEDEC/NIOC
He has also been a member of the Joint Management Committees of so many oil and gas
projects such as S&N Project with SHELL; Sirry E&A Project with TOTAL; Balal Project with
ELF Petroleum Iran (TOTAL) and Bow Valley Energy Ltd of Canada; Dorood Project with
TOTAL and ELF of France; Salman Project with PETROIRAN & NICO; F&E Project with
PETROIRAN & NICO; Sout Azadegan Project with INPEX and JAPEX of Japan
77
CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
Dr S N Ebrahimi
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In his oil and gas contractual negotiation skills he has negotiated with the following companies in various oil and gas fileds
ELF Petroleum Iran (TOTAL) and Bow Valley Energy Ltd of Canada on Balal Oil Field
CNPC China on South Pars Gas Field, Phase 11 (Pars LNG)
CNPC of China on North Azadegan Oil Field
ENI of Italy on Darqu ain Oil Field
GAZPROM of Russia on FWA for O&G Fields
INPEX of Japan on South Azadegan Oil Field
KEPS of Australia on Kuhe Mond Heavy Oil Field
LUKOIL of Russia on Zaghe Heavy Oil Field
ENOC of UAE on MOU for Gas Fields
Bahrain Petroleum Company on MOU & JWG for Gas Fields
PDVSA of Venezuela on MOUs for O&G Fields
ECUADOR on MOU for O&G Fields
ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) & Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) & Oil India Limited (OIL) of INDIA on Farsi Gas Field (Farzad B Blok)
MOG and OOC of Oman on Hengam & West Bukha Oil Field
MOG and OOC of Oman on Kish Gas Field
OMV of Austria & Repsol YPF Oriente Medio, s.a. (Repsol YPF) & Sipetrol International s.a. (Sipetrol) on Mehr (Band-E-Karkheh)
Oil Field
PEG of Switzerland & Petropars of Iran and Other Members of Consortium on Kish Gas Field
PETROIRAN of Iran on N&F Oil Field
PETROIRAN of Iran on Salman Oil Field
PETRONAS on Caspian Sea Fields
PGNiG of Poland on Lavan Gas Field
Sheer Energy of Canada on MIS Oil Field
SHELL on S&N Oil Fields
SHELL/REPSOL on Persian LNG South Pars Gas Field, Phases 13 & 14
SINOPEC of China and SHELL on Yadavaran Oil Field
STATOIL (StatHydro) of Norway on Anaran Oil Block (Azar and Changoleh Oil Fields)
Statoil on TSA for South Pars Gas Field, Phases 6, 7 & 8
TOTAL of France on Sirri E&A Oil Fields 78

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EBRAHIMI'S MAIN ARTICLES/PRESENTATIONS/WORKSHOPS
IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY (Alphabetical Order)
“Amendment or Alteration to the Buy-Back Contracts in the Agenda”,
Danesh-e-Naft, (Goteman), 7th Vol., January 2006
“An Overview of Issues on Oil & Gas Law Course”, 20th Feb. 2008,
Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
“An Overview on Local Content under Maximum Utilization Act and the
Role of NIOC's Buy-Back Contracts in Promoting Iranian Local
Content"; Masterclass for the IQPC Conference on Local Content,
Management Asia 2007, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 31 May 2007
“An Overview on Regulatory, Fiscal and Contractual Aspects of NIOC's
Buy-Back Contracts in Iran Oil and Gas Upstream Projects”, 2nd
workshop of Economic … of Petroleum Contracts, OPEC, Vienna, 1st-2nd
April 2008
“Analytical Overview of Call for Tender Act and Its By-Laws
Instruments”, Maskan Bank, Tehran, 10th March 2009
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“Applying Best Practices from Boundary Disputes in the Dynamic Regions of the Middle East and
Caspian Sea”, IQPC Conference on International Boundary Disputes & Unitization, 26 June 2008,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
“Article 14 of 4th Five Years Plan for Economic, Social and Cultural Develop", PEDEC/NIOC, 2005
“Cases Against OPEC and its Legal Stands”, a presentation delivered to OPEC, Vienna, Austria,
23rd Oct 2008
“Comparative analysis of PSA models in the Middle East"; IQPC Conference on Optimising PSCs
and JOAs for Sustained E&P Growth , 26th October 2005,London, UK
“Comprehensive Analysis of Engineering & Construction (EC)”, Workshop in the 1st national
Conference on EPC Projects, Tehran, Iran
“Contract Risks Management, PhD Course for Project Management”, TARBIAT MODARRES,
Tehran, Iran, SPRING-Summer, 2009
“Contractual and Legal Risk Management in Oil and Gas Contracts", 3rd National Management
Conference, Tehran, April 2007
“Contractual Form of Iran’s Buy-Back Contracts in Comparison with Production Sharing and
Service Contracts", Bahrain Middle East Oil Show, SPI International, Society of Petroleum
Engineers, 2003
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“Contractual Risks Management in Oil And Gas Contracts”, 1st
OILCO Conference, 13 Mordad 1387/3 August 2008,
Tehran, Iran
“Contractual, Legal and Financial Overviews of Upstream Oil Industry Projects and their Concerned Risks”, 1st
OILCO
Conference, 13 Mordad 1387/3 August 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Determination, objectives, measurement, principles and procedures of securing local content in the host country-
NOC's perspective", IQPC , Global Local Content Summit In Oil & Gas, UK, 2007, 25 Sep. 2007
“Drafting An Effective Contract", Workshop for the K2B Conference on Contract Risk Management for Upstream Oil
and Gas, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 7th May 2007
“Effective LNG Contracts and Risk Management for Shipping Executives”, Workshop for IQPC Conference on the 5th
Annual LNG Shipping Asia 2008, 25 August 2008, Seoul, South Korea
“Energy Law and Role of Academic Forums in Iran : Opportunities and Challenges”, Faculty of Law and Politics,
Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
“Enhance the Sustainability of Your Operations and Effectively Fulfill Local Content Requirements: Understand the
Iranian Local Content Framework in a New Generation of Upstream E&P Buy-Back Projects” , IQPC 4th
Summit on
Local Content, 25th September 2008, London, UK
“Enhance The Sustainability of Your Operations and Effectively Fulfill Local Content Requirements: Understand the
Iranian Local Content Framework in a New Generation of Upstream E&D Buy-Back Projects”, IQPC Conference on
Local Content, 25th September 2008, London, UK
81

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“Establish How Long Term Access to Resources Can Be Secured by Optimizing Your Cooperation With
NOC Partners”, IQPC 4th Summit on Local Content, 26th September 2008, London, UK
“Evaluate the merits of performance-based contracts by reviewing Iran’s Buy-Back model", IQPC
Conference on Optimizing PSCs & JOAs for Sustainable E&P Growth, London, Tuesday 4 Dec. 2007
“Examining Effective JDA/Unitization Model Agreements In Cross Boarder Zones that Will Maximize
Productivity”, Workshop for IQPC Conference on International Boundary Disputes & Unitization, 28
June 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
“Exploration and Development of Iran's Oilfields Through Buy-Back", Natural Resources FORUM, A
United Nations Sustainable Development Journal, vol. 30, Nov. 3 Aug. 2006, ISSN 0165-0203 pp 199-
207
“Extraterritorial Application of USA Laws and Their Impacts on International Trade and Oil And Gas
Industry”, 15th Oct 2008, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran
“Extraterritorial Application of USA Laws and Their Impacts on International Transactions and Oil And
Gas “, World Studies, University of Tehran, April 2009
“Foreign Investment and Methods of Financing in Oil an Gas Projects in Iran", PetroPars Conference,
2004
“Foundations, Principles and Skills of Contracts Negotiations: Be and Not to Be”, Strategic
Management Conference, Tehran, 4th March 2009
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“Full comparative Study & Overview on Regulatory and Fiscal Regime of NIOC's Buy-Back
Contracts VS. Production Sharing Contracts”, a WORKSHOP in Fiscal Systems in Upstream Oil &
Gas (Asia 2009), T.U.N International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 August 2009
“How to Determine, Measure & Secure Fulfilment of Local Content Initiatives With Your Partners
& Stakeholders?", Workshop on CWC Conference on the Sustainable Economic Development &
Oil 2007, Fri. 30 Nov. 2007
“Important Types of Domestic Contracts", Workshop on an Overview of Principles and Rules on
Various Contracts in Oil Industry in Iran, PEDEC/NIOC, January 2004
“Inevitable Concerns in Industrial Contracts", National Conference of Development of Projects’
Implementation System, Tehran, 17 May 2007
“Inevitable Legal & Contractual Considerations on Procurement of Goods and Services in
International Market" (Presentation), 2nd National Conference on Projects Procurement System,
Centre of Technology Study, Sanati Shari University, 4th 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Insurance and Its Risk Reducing Function in Oil and Gas Industry”, Payame Bimeh Iran, Special
Edition, Spring 2004, p. 38-39
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“International Oil Contracts and Rules Related to the Foreign Investment in Iranian Oil Industry”,
OIPF Conference of the 1st Financing of Oil Projects, Centre of Strategic Researches of
Expediency Council, Tehran, 9 December 2006
“International Petroleum Contracts and Laws on Foreign Investment in Iran Oil Industry", 1st
Conference on Oil Industry Projects Financing in Iran (OIPF1), Tehran, November 2006
“Investigating Long-Term Strategic Alliances Across the LNG Supply Chain: A Producer's
Perspective", IQPC Conference, London, 23rd May 2005
“Investigation on Contractual Foundations and Important Issues of Downstream Contracts in Oil
Industry Projects”, 1st OILCO Conference, 13 Mordad 1387/3 August 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Law for Professional Project Managers”, Sanati Sharif University 2009, Special Course for Joint
Degree of Sharif University and Calgary University in Canada, Tehran, Iran, April to July 2009
“Lawyers' Inevitable Considerations in Strategic Management of Oil and Gas Contracts”, NIOC
Legal Affairs, June 2008 continue…., Tehran, Iran
“Legal and Contractual Fiscal Regime in Iran Upstream Petroleum Contracts”, Fiscal Systems in
Upstream Oil & Gas (Asia 2009), T.U.N International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 August 2009
“Legal and Contractual Issues of NIOC’s LNG Contracts", IQPC Conference on the "LNG Contract
Risk Management", London, 10th May 2004
84

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“Legal and Contractual Problems of EPC and Their TFCL Strategic Management”, 1st national
Conference on EPC Projects, Tehran, Iran, 10 August 2009
“Legal and Contractual Strategic Management in Industry Projects”, International Conference on
Strategic Project Management, 11th August 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Legal and Contractual Strategies and Challenges in Oil & Gas Pipelines Contracts”, Tehran, Iran
“Legal and Regulatory environment of LNG Projects in Iran", Journal of Energy & Natural Resources
Law, no.2, Vol. 25, 2007, pp. 150-167
“Litigation and Arbitration with State-Owned Oil Companies", K2B Conference on Contract Risk
Management for Upstream Oil and Gas; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 9th May 2007
“LNG Shipping: NIOC Perspective", IQPC Conference on the "LNG Contract Risk Management",
IQPC, London, 25th October 2004
“Local Content and Capacity Development”, A Workshop in the Local Content & Capability
Development, 2009, Shangri-La Hotel, Jakarta, Indonesia, 14th April 2009
“Local Content Initiatives and Measuring Tools- NIOC Experience on Promoting Local Content in
Iran", IQPC Conference on Local Content, Management Asia 2007, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 30 May
2007
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“Local Content Issues in Iranian Buy-Back Contracts as Experienced By Law And
PracticeSince 1995"; IQPC Conference on Global Local Content Summit for Oil and
Gas 2006, London, 27th Oct. 2006
“Main Challenges on Development of Construction System in the Structure of Oil
Industry”, First National Conference on the Development of Construction System in
the Structure of Oil Industry, January 2006
“Major Petroleum Contracts: Triangles of NOCs, IOCs and HGs”, special Course to
the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), March 2008, CHINA
“Management of Legal and ContractualIssues in (Industrial) Projects”, Conference
on Specialized Courses on Project Management and Implementation, Technology
Studies Center of Sharif University of Technology , Thursday 24th Aban 1386 / 14
November, 2007, Tehran, Iran
“Management of Claims and Dispute Settlement in Industry Projects”, (Workshop),
Centre of Technology Study, Sanati Shari University, 9th March 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Management of Claims and Dispute Settlements in Petroleum Contracts” China
University of Petroleum (Beijing), March 2008, CHINA
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“Managing the Relationship Between NOCs and IOCs", Workshop for
the IQPC Conference on Achieving Fiscal Stability in Upstream
Contracts Summit 2007, London, 26th February 2007;
“Managing the Relationship between NOCs and IOCs"; Workshop for
the IQPC Conference on Optimising PSCs and JOAs for Sustained
E&P Growth , 24th October 2005, London, UK
“Mandatory Rules and Other Party Autonomy Limitations in
International ContractualObligations, with Particular Reference to
the Rome Convention, 1980", Athena Press Ltd., UK, 2005, ISBN 1-
84401-297-2
“Maximum Utilization of Local Content by Creating a Successful
Public-Private Relationship for through Effective Community
Engagement”, Local Content & Capability Development, 2009,
Shangri-La Hotel, Jakarta, Indonesia, 14th April 2009
87

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“Maximum Utilization of Local Content in Iran Oil Industry, with
Particular Reference to Buy-Back Contracts", Workshop for the
National Conference on Procurement of Goods and Materials in Iran
Infrastructural and Industrial Projects, Tehran, February 2007
“Maximum Utilization of Local Potentials and Capacities in the
Execution of Industry Projects: Challenges, Opportunities and
Solutions”, 1st National Conference on Promotion of Local Content
with Particular Reference to Local Construction”, Tehran, Iran, June
2009
“Maximum Utilization of Technical and Engineering Potentials of the
Country in Oil Industry: Challenges and Opportunities", National
Conference on Procurement of Goods and Materials in Iran
Infrastructural and Industrial Projects, Tehran, February 2007
88
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“Modification or Alteration to the Buy-Back Contracts: Approaches or
Necessity”, Abstracts of Reports, Articles, Interviews on Oil and Energy, Shana,
January 2006, pp. 7-30
“Negotiation and TFCL Strategic Management of Industry Projects” ,
International Conference on Strategic Project Management, 11th August 2008,
Tehran, Iran
“NIOC’s Policy Towards LNG Shipping, Joint Venture and Chartering", IQPC
Conference on Global LNG Shipping Symposium 2006, 18th September 2006
“Oil and Gas Law and Contracts (Domestic and International)", Workshop for
the 1st Conference on Financing of Oil Industry Projects in Iran, Tehran,
November 2006
“Oil and Gas Law and Contracts (Domestic and International”, Two days
Workshops), OIPF Conference of the 1st Financing of Oil Projects, Centre of
Strategic Researches of Expediency Council, Tehran, 9-10 December 2006
89
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“Oil and Gas Law", Ph.D. Courses on International Contract Management
Studies (I.C.M.S.) in Oil & Gas Industry, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran,
2006-2007
“Oil and Gas Laws and Contracts”, Special Courses to Iranian bankers in oil
and gas industry, Tehran, Iran (commenced February 2008 and continues…)
“Oil and Gas Projects Financing in World Economic Crisis”, OIPF3 Conference,
Tehran, 21st February 2009
“Oil Industry Contracts - Contractual and Legal Aspects" (Workshop), OIPF2,
2-3rd 2008, Tehran, Iran
“Opening Session on Advanced Boundary Disputes", IQPC Conference on
International Boundary Disputes, London, 27 February 2007
“Optimized Contracts in Iran Oil and Gas Industry- An Overview”, Imam
Sadeq University, Tehran, Iran, July 2009
90

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“Outlooks on Energy Market and Oil & Gas E&P Upstream Operations”, Fiscal Systems in Upstream Oil
& Gas (Asia 2009), T.U.N International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 August 2009
“Prepare for Your Future Partnership Engagements in Exploration and Production Through a
Comparative Analysis of Major Oil and Gas Contracts", Workshop for IQPC Conference on Optimizing
PSCs & JOAs for Sustainable E&P Growth, London, Wednesday 5 Dec. 2007
“Probative Value of Data Message and Electronic Documents in Iran’s Electronic Commercial Law”,
Vol. 3, No. 9, Journal of law and Political Sciences, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of
Mazandaran, Summer 2008, pp.11-52
“Reciprocal Duties of Iranian Insurance and insured Companies and in the Coverage of Oil, Gas, and
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