Using new tools, The Freshwater Trust calculates the ecological uplift of restoration projects and communicates the value of our work. Uplift = the quantifiable environmental gain of a project. For example, when we plant trees next to a stream for shade benefit, we calculate the solar load avoided. When we plant the trees for nutrient reduction, we calculate the change in pounds of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff. Contents: Salmon Calculator Shade-a-lator Water Temperature Tracking Tool (W3T) Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT) Case Study: Rudio Creek Uplift from 2012 Projects http://www.thefreshwatertrust.org/

1. Uplift Report 2012

2. Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Front & Back Cover Images:
Table of Contents
All Images Sean O’Connor,
Freesolo Collective; Except for
Bottom Center, Hanmi Meyer
Salmon Calculator........................................................................................................................................................4
Shade-a-lator.................................................................................................................................................................5
Water Temperature Tracking Tool ...............................................................................................................................6
Nutrient Tracking Tool.................................................................................................................................................. 7
Quantifying Ecological Uplift: Why it is Important
Case Study: Rudio Creek .............................................................................................................................................8
T
he Freshwater Trust is a non-profit organization with a mission to preserve and restore
freshwater ecosystems. With nearly 30 years of on-the-ground experience, we have always
looked for innovative ways to fix imperiled rivers and streams.
Hanmi Meyer
What do we mean by ecological uplift? Simply put, “uplift”
refers to the environmental gain of a project — the quantifiable
environmental benefit of the restoration actions we take.
For example, when we plant trees next to a stream, we can
now model the solar radiation that will be blocked by mature
trees and calculate kilocalories per day of solar load avoided.
How do we reflect that in our analysis and reporting of our
projects? First, let’s look at how we might have reported a tree
planting project in the past:
Healthy and functioning
habitat is critical to improving
wild fish populations.
Example from the past: planting project without uplift metricS
Acres
10
Trees planted Total cost
5,000
$50,000
Tracking the number of trees planted does not measure or
report the impact of trees on habitat function.
Example using new science & tools: planting project with uplift metrics
Acres
10
Trees planted Total cost
5,000
Healthy streamside
vegetation is critical to improving
habitat for aquatic species.
The Freshwater Trust
2 — The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012
$50,000
Kilocalories/day
of solar load
avoided
Pounds/year
of phosphorus
reduced
Weighted linear
feet of salmon
habitat restored
50,000,000
50
100
Map of 2012 Projects ..................................................................................................................................................11
Quantifying the benefits of restoration
projects in this way can provide a
more robust picture of a project’s
value. In fact, we are now doing
these calculations on projects before
implementation to determine potential
ecological uplift prior to committing
significant resources to a project. We are
doing this to ensure we apply resources
to project sites and restoration actions
that achieve the most benefit.
Measuring the width
of a stream is an important
factor in determining baseline
habitat conditions.
In the future, this new ability to quantify
project benefits can aid conservation groups and funders in better directing grant dollars and other
environmental investments. Traditionally, grant seekers ­ like The Freshwater Trust — submit
—
project proposals to grant makers that describe the actions to be taken, the cost to implement and
a general rationale for why the project is needed. This method makes it challenging to distinguish
between similar projects in a competitive environment where the need is great and the funding is
limited. Using the scientific tools described in this report, we imagine that conservationists will be
able to estimate ecological uplift for projects and improve rationales for project location and design.
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Like all groups in this field, The Freshwater Trust has traditionally evaluated and reported
on projects in terms of dollars spent, trees planted, gallons of water restored instream or acres
of floodplain reconnected, etc. In 2012, our approach is evolving, just like the science we use to
measure ecological benefit. Using recently developed — and
in some cases, still developing — tools for calculating the
ecological uplift of restoration projects, we are advancing a
new system for communicating the value of our work.
Uplift from 2012 Projects...........................................................................................................................................10
We have quantified most of our work in 2012 with regard to ecological uplift. We are committed to
doing this every year so that we may begin to understand and evaluate the actual effectiveness of
our actions and their benefits to our rivers and streams.
The Freshwater Trust measured and quantified the ecological uplift of its projects
with powerful tools, built using the best thinking and data available to the various developers and
partners. That said, the underlying science and modeling methods remain iterative. Over time,
as The Freshwater Trust and others use these tools to evaluate project benefits, the monitoring
of ongoing project performance will provide an essential feedback loop for refining the formulas,
calculation methodologies and modeling logic used by the tools. In this way, not only will uplift
calculation continue to improve, but so will restoration practices, project design and our general
understanding of aquatic ecosystem functions.
The following tools are discussed in this report:
Salmon Calculator
Shade-a-lator
Water Temperature Transaction Tool (W3T)
Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT)
The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012 —
3

3. Mary Edwards Photography
Freshwaters Illustrated
Salmon Calculator
MODEL INPUTS
Distribution & abundance of
aquatic & riparian native &
nonnative vegetation
Stream width & depth
Substrate characteristics
Flow & depth characteristics
Shade-a-lator
Quantifying increased salmon habitat through stream restoration
Quantifying avoided solar load through riparian restoration
T
he Salmon Calculator is designed to quantify ecological changes that directly impact
salmon habitat. The Salmon Calculator helps us model, on average, how well a given
stream reach supports salmon. Put a different way, the Salmon Calculator uses data
from a given reach of stream (say 1,000 feet long), and weights the number of feet that
demonstrate ideal habitat function. If 10% of a 1,000 foot reach is optimal, then that reach receives
a score of 100 weighted linear feet. Change is calculated as the difference between pre-project
conditions (baseline) and modeled conditions 20 years after project work.
Aquatic features such as
log jams, pools, riffles,
glides, alcoves, gravel bars &
cascades
Inputs into the Salmon Calculator are physical characteristics of the stream and terrestrial
areas (see sidebar for model inputs). Based on the inputs, the Salmon Calculator measures the
ecological functions of a stream with regard to its ability to create and maintain salmon habitat. The
Salmon Calculator then consolidates those ecological functions into one salmon habitat score.
The score is a percentage of functional habitat per linear foot of stream, which is recorded as
weighted linear feet.
Floodplain connectivity
Barriers to fish movement
Land use
Floodplain slope, width
& soil type
Amount of large wood
Historical frequency &
duration of flooding
The Salmon Calculator was developed as part of Counting
on the Environment, a Natural Resources Conservation
Service grant project managed by Willamette Partnership.
The development of the Salmon Calculator began as part
of the Oregon Department of Transportation bridges project
and was further refined by Parametrix, Inc.
Large instream wood
structures help develop pools
and create cool water refugia
for rearing wild fish.
EXAMPLE: HOW IT WORKS
Counting on the Environment
Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Oregon Department of
Transportation
Parametrix, Inc.
Willamette Partnership
AFTER
Restoration
TOOL DEVELOPERS
BEFORE
Restoration
Uplift for Salmon Habitat
1,000 feet stream reach
Uplift = Change in weighted linear feet of salmon habitat (
Shade-a-lator has been
in use and improving for
more than a decade. With
The Freshwater Trust’s
projects, its refinement
will continue.
WLF)
Uplift for Avoided solar Load
BEFORE
Restoration
Before (baseline)
Uplift
AFTER
Restoration
Projections
based
on tree
maturity
Salmon Habitat Restored
After (post-project)
4 — The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012
Shade-a-lator is a module of Heat Source, a stream assessment tool used by Oregon Department
of Environmental Quality (ODEQ). It was developed in 1996 as a Master’s Thesis at Oregon
State University in
the Departments of
Bioresource Engineering
and Civil Engineering.
ODEQ currently
maintains the Heat
Source methodology
and computer
programming.
Uplift Gained through Restoration
Units of measure = Weighted linear feet (WLF)
400 WLF (40%)
of functional habitat
Using pre-project data (see sidebar for model inputs), Shade-a-lator calculates the current
amount of solar radiation hitting the surface area of a stream. Once vegetation is planted,
Shade-a-lator models the amount of solar radiation hitting the stream based on the new vegetation’s
maturity. The difference represents that project’s uplift in terms of solar radiation blocked or avoided
by streamside shade. Shade-a-lator expresses this uplift in energy units of kilocalories per day.
Upstream & downstream
boundaries of the stream reach
Aspect ratio to the sun
Wetted width of the stream
Bank slope
Extent of existing riparian
trees & plants
Modeling time period,
including the time of year the
model is run & the number of
days the model is run
Surrounding topography
A Solar PathfinderTM (left)
measures the amount of sun
hitting the stream in a given
location at a given time on a
given day. A densiometer (right)
measures the canopy cover
over a stream. Both instruments
are used to determine the solar
impact on a stream.
EXAMPLE: HOW IT WORKS
Measured in weighted linear feet (WLF) of functional habitat for
aquatic species
100 WLF (10%)
of functional habitat
1,000 feet stream reach
R
iparian shade, provided by streamside trees, blocks the sun’s rays from hitting the surface
of the water, reducing the amount of energy entering the river. In effect, this shade prevents
the water from heating up. Anadromous fish, such as salmon and steelhead, are extremely
sensitive to water temperature. Healthy riparian buffers help ensure healthy fish habitat.
Left: Sean O’Connor,
Freesolo Collective
Right: The Freshwater Trust
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
While robust, the Salmon Calculator remains a work
in progress. Willamette Partnership is also working on a
more comprehensive functional stream assessment tool
that may further improve our ability to calculate stream
function for salmon. In the meantime, we are using the
Salmon Calculator and gaining valuable data that will
help inform the next generation of scientific tools.
MODEL INPUTS
Restoration actions
• Construct instream
engineered log jams
400 • Plant streamside vegetation
• Reconnect floodplains
300 • Increase pools & riffles
100
Measured in kilocalories per day (kcal/day), which is a
measurement of energy
Uplift = Change in kilocalories (
kcal) of avoided solar load
Uplift Gained through Restoration
Solar Load Avoided
Units of measure =
kilocalories per day (kcal/day)
Before (baseline)
10,000,000 • Plant streamside
vegetation
After (post-project)
Solar Load
Blocked Solar Load
Restoration actions
4,500,000
Uplift
5,500,000
TOOL DEVELOPERS
Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality
Oregon State University,
Departments of
Bioresource Engineering &
Civil Engineering
The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012 —
5

4. Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Water Temperature Transaction Tool (W3T)
Quantifying decreased water temperature through streamflow restoration
Quantifying reduced nitrogen, phosphorus and sediments from
riparian improvements and agricultural practices
ncreasing flow can buffer water temperature and increase velocity through a stream reach.
This can limit the water’s exposure to the local temperature to keep the water from warming.
Additional temperature benefits can be achieved if the increased flow is cooler than water in
the existing stream reach.
Stream bed roughness
Topographical & vegetation
features: surrounding zones
of vegetation that provide
shade & inhibit solar radiation
Inflow water temperatures
The Water Temperature Transaction Tool (W3T) uses river and landscape characteristics to
estimate hourly solar radiation and overall heat loss or gain from the water. W3T also incorporates
tributary inputs and meteorological information. From these inputs, W3T calculates temperature
changes in a river reach.
Flow volumes
Atmospheric heat exchange,
air-water interface & bedwater interface
Tributary inputs
W3T is based on a steady flow approach requiring baseline data (see sidebar for model inputs); W3T
models water temperature based on energy transfer to and from the water across the air-water
interface and bed-water interface. It
also accounts for transport of heat
energy in the downstream direction.
River velocity
Cross sectional area
A river’s length, width
and depth are important
inputs entered into the Water
Temperature Transaction Tool.
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Water temperature reduction from
increased flow can be determined
by comparing baseline conditions
with modeled conditions after flow
has been restored. The difference in
water temperature represents the
temperature uplift from restoring
flow to that reach.
National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation contracted with
Watercourse Engineering to
develop the W3T calculator.
EXAMPLE: HOW IT WORKS
TOOL DEVELOPERS
National Fish &
Wildlife Foundation
Watercourse Engineering
AFTER
Restoration
BEFORE
Restoration
Uplift for Temperature through FLOW
1,000 feet stream reach
Measured in degrees Celsius.
Uplift = Change in temperature (
o
C) through flow, measured in cubic
Uplift Gained through Restoration
20 C
(stream temperature)
o
Water Temperature Decreased (Daily Max)
Restoration actions
Units of measure = cfs / oC
1,000 feet stream reach
1.5 CFS
(cubic feet
per second)
6 — The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012
18o C
(stream temperature)
Before (baseline)
1.0
After (post-project)
+ 0.5 cfs
Large sediment loads that carry these nutrients can also harm aquatic systems. They can settle
into streambeds and fill in the spaces between the rocks and gravel — spaces that are essential for
salmonid spawning. Sediment-filled streambeds also cut streams off from groundwater, a valuable
source of cold water essential to creating refugia for many fish species.
Nationwide, farming and ranching operations represent large inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus.
The Freshwater Trust is working to measure the benefit of conservation actions that limit these
inputs while maintaining productive agricultural lands.
MODEL INPUTS
Crop type & livestock type
Crop rotations
Fertilizer application rates
Irrigation practices
Livestock access to streams
Pesticide application rates
Tillage practices
Field size & slope
Geographic location
Local weather data
Soil type
Soil phosphorus concentration
Calculating Runoff
Surface Runoff =
The Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT) is a sophisticated modeling tool that allows the user to create a
detailed scenario of on-field agricultural practices (see sidebar for model inputs). NTT models the
agricultural practices and then estimates the annual nutrient and sediment loads that occur as a
result of these actions. NTT can model a wide assortment of conservation actions ­ from riparian
—
restoration actions to changed practices on farms.
( Rd
–
0.2 s ) 2
Rd
+
0.8 s
Rd = daily rainfall
s = retention parameter
The retention parameter (s)
is variable and is dependent
on a number of site-specific
physical characteristics,
including: soil type, land use,
management practices, slope
and soil water content.
NTT calculates uplift in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and
sediment load reductions by comparing baseline conditions of
a field to modeled conditions after restoration. The difference
represents the uplift from conservation actions.
The Nutrient Tracking Tool was designed and developed by
the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural
Resources Conservation Service, the USDA Agricultural Research
Service and Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research.
Rotational grazing is a
best management practice
that can reduce nutrient and
sediment load to a stream.
Freshwaters Illustrated
EXAMPLE: HOW IT WORKS
feet per second (cfs)
1.0 CFS
(cubic feet
per second)
major water quality concern across the country is the abundance of nutrients like nitrogen
and phosphorus in our freshwater systems. Too much nitrogen and phosphorus promotes
excessive plant and algae growth, choking out other aquatic species.
1.5
Uplift
0.5
• Introduce cooler water
• Increase stream velocity
18 oC • Deepen channel
20 oC
2 oC
Uplift for NUTRIENTS & SEDIMENTS
BEFORE
Restoration
River length, width & depth
AFTER
Restoration
MODEL INPUTS
Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT)
Runoff drains into stream
Measured in pounds per year of nutrients and
sediments reduced through restoration
Uplift = Change in pounds per year (
pounds/year)
Uplift Gained through Restoration
Nutrient & Sediment Reduction
Units of measure = pounds per year
Vegetation filters runoff
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
10.0
100.0
After (post-project)
5.0
25.0
Uplift
5.0
75.0
Before (baseline)
Sediments
TOOL DEVELOPERS
Restoration actions
2,000.0 • Plant streamside
vegetation
100.0 • Implement cover
crops, livestock
1,900.0
exclusion fencing, etc.
United States Department of
Agriculture Natural Resources
Conservation Service
USDA Agricultural
Research Service
Texas Institute for Applied
Environmental Research
The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012 —
7

5. Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Case Study: Rudio Creek
Uplift from 2012 Project
n ecologically significant tributary of the North Fork John Day River, Rudio Creek provides
important habitat for federally-listed summer steelhead and spring Chinook. During the
early and mid-1900s, a portion of Rudio Creek that runs through a ranch was straightened
and channelized, draining wet meadow floodplain habitat to create livestock pasture. This
channelization, coupled with agricultural development of the floodplain throughout the mid-1900s,
led to the loss of riparian vegetation and beaver dam complexes. This resulted in a faster flowing
stream system with reduced habitat diversity and reduced cold-water storage capabilities.
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Collecting thorough
baseline data allows scientists
to more precisely design a
restoration project.
The Freshwater Trust has restored Rudio Creek to mimic historic conditions to the greatest extent
possible. The illustration below details how habitat restoration actions were implemented on a
section of the Rudio Creek project.
1 Reconstruct historic channel: Reactivation of flow to the historic
channel provides habitat diversity and floodplain connectivity
and reverses the effects of straightening and channelizing the stream.
Restoring the stream to near-historic conditions increases its length
and offers greater potential habitat complexity. Creating bends and
wood structures allows for varying water velocities and for different
sizes of gravel and cobble — important for native fish — to be naturally
sorted and deposited.
2 Increase floodplain connectivity: Reconnecting the stream to its
floodplain allows water to spill over and facilitate the growth and
diversity of streamside vegetation. A connected floodplain also reduces
the stream’s speed during a flood event, preventing banks from eroding and creating opportunities
for secondary side channels to form.
Units of measure
Salmon Habitat
Restored
Solar Load
Avoided
Water Temperature
Decreased (Daily Max)
Phosphorus
Reduced
Nitrogen
Reduced
Sediments
Reduced
Weighted
linear feet (WLF)
Kilocalories
per day (kcals)
Degrees Celsius (oC)
Pounds per
year
Pounds per
year
Pounds per
year
Before (baseline)
Rudio Creek
4,641
50,061,190
26.5
4.6
26.7
111.3
After (post-project)
6,419
8,534,474
25.5
0.1
9.4
107.6
1,777
41,526,716
1.0
4.5
17.2
3.7
Uplift
Restoration actions
3,250 feet of historic channel reconnected
6,588 feet of channel constructed and floodplain reconnected
70 pool-glide habitat complexes created
70 large wood structures built
13,000 native shrubs, hardwoods and
plugs planted
4 Construct large wood structures: In undisturbed systems, dead wood naturally accumulates
in rivers and streams, adding to habitat complexity. During high flow periods, water carves
around and beneath these pieces of wood, creating deep pools where water stays cool. Structures
are constructed where they would be expected to occur under natural conditions and are designed
to be self-sustaining.
5 Restore native riparian vegetation: Native vegetation is planted along the banks of the creek,
providing channel stability, shade for the river, food for insects and fish, and materials for beavers,
birds and other animals to build shelter. While beavers are present in the system, their numbers and
influence on the river and floodplain have been greatly reduced. It is anticipated that this project and
its restored habitat conditions will support a larger beaver population and perennial dam complexes.
To restore Rudio Creek holistically, The Freshwater Trust also worked with private landowners
upstream and downstream of its on-the-ground project site to address instream flow issues.
An upstream water leasing agreement and a change to a downstream point of diversion restored
2.0 cubic feet per second (1.3 million gallons per day) of streamflow to Rudio Creek, increasing water
quality, lowering temperature in Rudio Creek and contributing cold water to the North Fork John Day.
3 Increase pool/pool-glide habitat: Pools provide slow water habitat,
spawning sized gravels and shelter for both adults and juvenile fish.
Historic channel
realignment (top and bottom
left) reverses the effects of
straightening and channelizing
the stream.
Establishing cross section
locations (right) helps assess
existing channel conditions.
DESIGN PLAN KEY
2
3
Channel plug
Restored Channel (Historic)
Flow
Floodplain connectivity
Pool/pool-glide enhancement
4
Large wood structure
5
Riparian vegetation plantings
8 — The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012
Existing Channel (Before Restoration)
All Images to the Left:
Channel construction
Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
1
Existing channel centerline
Project channel centerline
The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012 —
9

6. Sean O’Connor, Freesolo Collective
Uplift from 2012 Projects
Salmon Habitat
Restored
Tool used
Units of measure
Solar Load
Avoided
Water Temperature
Decreased (Daily Max)
Salmon
Calculator
Shade-a-lator
Water Temperature
Transaction Tool
(W3T)
Weighted
linear feet (WLF)
Kilocalories
per day (kcals)
Degrees Celsius
(oC)
Phosphorus
Reduced
Nitrogen
Reduced
Sediments
Reduced
Pounds per year
Pounds per year
Pounds per year
—
64,677, 1 3 1
—
1.0
66.0
1,649.0
After (post-project)
—
50,875,236
—
0.0
1.0
86.0
—
13,801,895
—
1.0
65.0
1,563.0
Uplift
Restoration actions
Salmon
River Side
Channel 3a
Salmon
River Side
Channel 4
6,120 native shrubs, hardwoods and plugs were planted
Before (baseline)
297
—
—
—
—
—
After (post-project)
331
—
—
—
—
—
35
—
—
—
—
—
Uplift
Restoration actions
654 feet side channel habitat restored; 1 large wood habitat structure at inlet
Before (baseline)
0
—
—
—
—
—
After (post-project)
430
—
—
—
—
—
Uplift
430
—
—
—
—
—
Restoration actions
670 feet side channel habitat restored; 1 large wood habitat structure; 50 pieces large wood placed in side channel
Before (baseline)
Salmon
River Side
Channel 5
Salmon
River Side
Channel 18
Salmon
River Side
Channel
23a
0
Restoration actions
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,606
Uplift
—
2,606
After (post-project)
—
—
—
—
—
—
250 pieces large wood placed in side channel; 2 large wood habitat structures;
3,760 feet side channel habitat restored
Before (baseline)
40
—
—
—
—
—
After (post-project)
2,012
—
—
—
—
—
Uplift
1,972
—
—
—
—
—
Restoration actions
2,685 feet side channel habitat restored; 2 culverts replaced; 40 pieces large wood placed in side channel
Before (baseline)
456
—
—
—
—
After (post-project)
806
—
—
—
—
—
Uplift
350
—
—
—
—
Habitat Restoration Projects
—
—
Restoration actions
Flow Restoration Projects
1,148 feet side channel habitat restored; 1 large wood habitat structure at inlet
Before (baseline)
4,641
50,061,190
26.5
4.6
26.7
111.3
After (post-project)
Rudio Creek
6,419
8,534,474
25.5
0.1
9.4
107.6
Uplift
1,777
41,526,716
1.0
*4.5
*17.2
*3.7
Restoration actions
3,250 feet of historic channel reconnected
6,588 feet of channel constructed and floodplain reconnected
70 pool-glide habitat complexes created
70 large wood structures built
13,000 native shrubs, hardwoods and
plugs planted
Before (baseline)
Rogue River
In addition to quantified project work detailed in this Uplift Report, The Freshwater Trust
also completed major habitat restoration work on Still Creek, a tributary of the Salmon River,
and protected 13.65 billion gallons of water
per day instream across the state.
Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT)
Before (baseline)
Little Butte
Creek
Map of 2012 Projects
—
44,250,538
—
After (post-project)
—
19,156,327
—
0.0
1.4
3.9
Uplift
—
**25,094,211
—
**0.0
**0.4
**12.6
5.5 pounds
(reduced
phosphorus)
82.6 pounds
(reduced
nitrogen)
1,579.3 pounds
(reduced
sediments)
Restoration actions
Total Uplift for 2012 Projects
(for which uplift calculation is possible)
0.0
1.8
10 — The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012
1.0 oC
(reduced max daily
water temperature)
Counting on the Environment
The Freshwater Trust would like to thank
the following partners who developed
the tools & calculators to measure the
ecological uplift in this report.
Environmental Research
16.5
2,450 native shrubs, hardwoods and plugs were planted
7,170 WLF 80,422,822 kcals
(restored
(avoided
salmon habitat)
solar load)
Acknowledgements
National Fish & Wildlife
Foundation
Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality
Texas Institute for Applied
Environmental Research
Oregon Department of
Transportation
United States Department
of Agriculture
Oregon State University
Watercourse Engineering
Parametrix, Inc.
Willamette Partnership
NOTES
* Soil data are not available for the project area in Grant County, therefore, a nearby proxy was used to calculate the uplift, making them rough estimates,
not exact numbers. The uplift is a result of the removal of grazing livestock from a single field in the project area. The modeled area is 2.3 acres.
** These numbers are from the Phase 1 planting of Rogue River. Additional planting will occur in the spring which will change the estimated uplift. The
uplift is a result of planting riparian vegetation. The modeled area is 1.3 acres.
The Freshwater Trust Uplift Report 2012 —
11

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