Olive Hill, director of Technology & Process Development, Invest Northern Ireland

1. CBI NI Annual Energy Forum Date, Wednesday 28th January 2009 Olive Hill Director of Technology & Process Development

2. Evidence of a changing climate?

3. Mounting Evidence

4. Energy ????…. (NREL)

5. Where is it going? (NREL)

6. State Policy Framework Renewable Portfolio Standards (NREL)

9. Short-term0-5 Years Medium-term5-15 Years Long-term 15-25 Years Diversity Inc onshore wind Electricity, Infrastructure Transport Bio fuels Demand side management Offshore Wind Dynamic Large scale power e.g. Clean coal Energy “nodes” Wave/Tidal Hydrogen storage Dynamic high efficiency 4th generation Nuclear Decentralise Community wind, biomass district heating, Anaerobic digestion for farm wastes AD energy from MSW, Biomass gasification Community CHP Marine Biomass Fuel cells, Virtual power stations Decrease Air-source retrofit Heat Pumps Solar thermal Advanced Glazing Enhanced Micro-chp Low cost Vacuum Insulated Panels Nano-based insulations PV Concentrators Organic PV

10. Technology Options Are Evolving (NREL) Concept Study Prototype Testing KW Scale MW Scale GW Scale Utility Wind (Land based) Offshore Wind (Bottom Mounted) Offshore Wind (Floating Turbines) Marine Energy * (Wave, Tidal, current) Distributed Wind (communities-residencies) Organisations leading the R&D Industry leaders with government support Government-Industry Partnership Government Laboratory Contactors Academia & Small Startups Organisations leading the R&D Grain / Agriculture Petroleum Coal Forestry Academia & Startups Chemical Ethanol Biodiesel Green diesel Syngas Liquids Bio-oil Derivative H2 From Biomass Diesel from Algae Hydrocarbons from Carbohydrates High Low Lab / Academia Industry Organisations leading the R&D First Generation PV: Crystalline Silicon Trough - Solar Only Trough – Indirect 2-Tank Molten Salt Storage Second Generation PV: Thin films Trough – Advanced Direct Storage Concentrating PV Power Tower – Direct 2 Tank Molten Salt Storage Dish Stirling Third Generation PV: Organic / Plastic, nanostructures High Low Organisations leading the R&D HVAC Industry Industry Industry, Academia, DOE DOE, Academia, Industry Geothermal Heat Pumps Direct Thermal Applications Conventional Hydrothermal Generation Enhanced Geothermal Systems

14. Making Transformational Change Requires an integrated approach (NREL) Unleashing market-driven innovation