1. UNDERSTANDING
STRUCTURES
AND MECHANISMS-
FLIGHT a review

2. Air is a gas and also is a fluid.
It takes up space and fills the shape of the
container it is placed in.
Know this
We demonstrated this with the two cups, one filled with air the
other with water. We then transferred the air from one cup
into the other, displacing the water.
Air can exert a force when compressed remember when someone broke
The syringe?

3. Know
this
Air exerts pressure equally in all directions
(unless an external force affects it). This pressure is
measured in atmospheres. One atmosphere is equal to
1 kg per square cm or 14.7 pounds per square inch at
sea level on Earth.
The blue bar represents
One atmosphere

4. Bernoulli’s Principle:
When you increase the speed of air over a
smooth, hard, curved surface, you lower the pressure and
generate lift.
Aerofoil or air foil
Know this

5. There are 4 forces that act on an aircraft:
GRAVITY(weight/mass)- the attraction between the aircraft and
the centre of the Earth.
LIFT-upward force counteracting the pull of gravity and produced
by the interaction of the wing and the air.
THRUST-forward motion of the aircraft produced by some action
such as a propeller spinning, a jet or rocket shooting gases out of its
tail, or even a hand throwing the aircraft.
DRAG-resistance of the air to an object moving through it.
Know this.
Be able to
explain and
label a diagram
gravity

6. Know the following
Parts of the airplane:
Fuselage, rudder, ailerons,
Elevators and how they
affect the control
of an airplane.
Fuselage
The body of the plane

7. Flight without wings Know
this
All airplane designs depend on wings to provide lift.
Obviously hot air balloons and lighter than air ships (blimps
or zeppelins) produce lift by trapping gases which are
less dense than the surrounding air in a container (nylon balloon)
And they float in our atmosphere.
The problem with hot air balloons is that there is no
control over the direction that the balloon travels. It goes
where the wind takes it.
Blimps have a membrane filled with helium and has a gondola
(a basket) with a motor attached to guide it to where you want to go.
At one time they were filled with hydrogen (a highly flammable gas)
But there was always the danger of this happening

8. Rockets and missiles do not produce
lift with wings, they counter the pull of gravity by Know
pure thrust. this
The compressed air in the bottle forces
the water through a nozzle (bottle neck)
which produces the thrust required to
accelerate the bottle vertically upwards.

9. Some Famous Firsts in Flight
•400 BCE Chinese invent the first kites
•1783 the Montgolfier brothers invent the Know
first hot air balloon two
•1903 the Wright brothers become the first
to successfully fly an engine powered
airplane
•1927 Charles Lindbergh makes the first
solo non stop flight across the Atlantic
ocean
•1932 Amelia Earhart is the first woman to
fly solo non stop across the Atlantic ocean
•1961 Yuri Gagarin is the first human to fly
into space
•1976 the Concorde is the first supersonic
(faster than sound) passenger jet
•2005 Airbus A380 the world’s largest
commercial aircraft ,carrying almost 900
people, completes its first flight

10. What are some of the Benefits and Costs of
Aviation technology for society and the environment
The speed and ease of air travel allow quick transportation of organs for
lifesaving transplants, quick transportation of injured patients to
hospitals, and trips for business and pleasure. However, air travel also
increases the
risk of spreading infectious diseases and creates noise and air pollution.
The use of technology for military use allows for Search and rescue, peace
keeping, law enforcement but also provides the ability to be used for war
against people with the ability to cause mass destruction
Crop dusting from planes allows chemicals to be spread quickly over
large crop areas, which is critical to pest control and crop protection.
However, the planes cannot control perfectly where the chemicals may go, so
the chemicals may spread where they are not wanted affecting plant and
wildlife. Explain one of the
pros and one of the
cons of flight from
this list or give one of
your own