4. POSITIVISM A philosophical and epistemological approach which holds that knowledge is acquired through actual experience http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism 4
24. AUGUSTE COMTE French philosopher who founded sociology and positivism http://www.d.umn.edu/~jhamlin1/comte.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130750/Auguste-Comte http://membres.multimania.fr/clotilde/etexts/index.htm 6
25. Positivism & Design Framework Knowledgeexists independent of the learner. There is an absolute truth. Design frameworks are based on objectivism. Knowledge is transferred from outside to inside the learner. Conditions are arranged to promote goals. Knowledge is engineered externally. 7
26. Positivism & Design Practices Knowledgeexists independent of the learner. There is an absolute truth. Classroom Directed Teacher-centered Goal predetermined Objectives defined Activities, materials, assessment teacher driven Products given to teacher for assessment. 8
31. Technologizing School Systems Robotics in Medical and Dental Instruction, Japan Go to the next slide to watch Simroid 13 Current Trends: Positivism in IDT
32. eLearning (positivist approach) http://www.webbasedtraining.com/home.aspx Go to the next slide to watch the video 14 Current Trends: Positivism in IDT
33. Jonassen, D.H. et al. (1997). “ Certainty, Determinism, and Predictability in Theories of Instructional Design: Lessons from Science”. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, VOL 37; NUMBER 1, pages 27-33 ( found on ERIC) http://www.ifets.info/journals/3_2/morrison_book_review.html http://www.stanford.edu/dept/SUSE/SEAL/Reports_Papers/methods_papers/On%20the%20Science%20of%20Ed%20Design%20Studies_ER.pdf Books available at http://www.amazon.com 15 Further reading: Positivism & Instructional Design Application
34. CONSTRUCTIVISM A philosophical and epistemological approach which holds that reality is not directly knowable, and can only be inferred or assigned by convention or consensus http://tip.psychology.org/bruner.html http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/constructivism.html . 16
57. LEV VYGOTSKY Belarusian psychologist who wrote extensively on developmental psychology, child development and education http://tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.html http://www.kolar.org/vygotsky/ . 18
58. Constructivism & Design Framework Knowledge is constructed by the learner. Truth is contextual. Design frameworks are based on constructivism/relativism. Guide the learner in constructing knowledge. Provide a rich context for negotiation and meaning construction. Knowledge constructed internally. 19
59. Constructivism & Design Practices Knowledge is constructed by the learner. Truth is contextual. Environment Learner-centered Teacher facilitating; learner controlling Learning goals negotiated Learning problems and contexts authentic Activities, materials, assessment context driven and individually constructed Artifacts shared and reflected on, collectively and individually. 20
64. 25 Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in Action eLearning (constructivist approach) University of Leicester Go to the next slide to watch the video
65. Twitter & World Simulation Kansas State University Visit Michael Wesch’s Digital Ethnography site http://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/ Go to the next slide to watch the video 26 Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in Action
66. Virtual Worlds: Second Life California State University, Los Angeles 27 Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in Action
68. How do you think our EDIT classes are in terms of epistemological perspectives, instructional design and design practices? What kind of educational technologist or instructional designer will you be? Thank you for going through our slides 29 Questions