2. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
A. Religion influences:
1. The social gospel movement =
churches help workers & poor.
2. Religious groups were formed, such
as, YMCA, YWCA, Sal. Army
3. Settlement houses to distribute
food & clothing
4. 1908, church groups fought for
living wage, 1 day of rest, safer work
conditions, to end child labor.
3.
4. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
B. The press
1. Magazine readership increased -
increased power of press.
2. Muckrakers: term intro’d by Teddy
Muckrakers
Roosevelt to describe a journalist who
exposes social wrongs.
3. Lincoln Steffens focused on links
between big business and politics.
Video:Progressives
5. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
B.4. Ida Tarbell wrote of Standard
Oil’s business methods.
5. Upton Sinclair wrote The
Jungle; focused on the meat
Jungle
packing business.
6. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
C. Municipal reform
1. reform mayors built schools, set up
work relief, app’td honest workers.
2. 1913 several hundred cities
adopted the city mgr./council form of
gov’t. Council made laws& appt’d mgr.
to run city.
3. 1914, several hundred cities
adopted commission form of gov’t. Each
commissioner is the head of a dept.
7. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
D. State reform
1. Rob’t. La Follette, governor of
Follette
Wisconsin, raised RR taxes &
regulated rates (fed. gov’t. had
failed to do so).
2. 1913, 17th Amendment = pop.
election of senators, w/direct
primary.
8. I. The Progressive Movement
Begins
D.3. 1914, state laws prohibited child
labor, ltd. workday for adults & wkrs.
compensation for injured workers.
4. 1916, all but 3 states adopted the
direct primary (voters choose
candidates).
E. Socialists Party reform: Debs wanted
to end private ownership of factories
and utilities.
Video: TR
9. II. Roosevelt, Progressive
Leader
A. He believed the fed. gov’t. was
responsible for nat’l. welfare.
B. He said workers, farmers and
small business people would
receive a Square Deal from a
strong fed. gov’t.
10. “closed shop” is used to signify an establishment
employing only members of a labor union.
II. Roosevelt, Progressive
Leader
B.1. Coal miners strike for higher
wages, 8 hr. day. Mine officials would
not negotiate. Pres Roosevelt
threatened to take over the mines & run
them w/the army.
a. mine agreed to 10% pay increase,
9 hr. day & but no closed shop.
b. new standard: fed. gov’t. would
standard
now intervene, if public welfare was
involved.
11. II. Roosevelt, Progressive
Leader
C. Trusts: Pres. R., “ the trustbuster”,
Trusts
was concerned not at their size, but if
harmful to the public. Under Sherman
public
Anti Trust Act,1890, he shut down a
total of 42 trusts.
D. RR regulations;
1. Elkins Act, 1903, no giving or
Act
receiving rebates were allowed
12. II. Roosevelt, Progressive
Leader
D.2. Hepburn Act, 1906, allowed
Interstate Commerce Commission
to set max RR rates if there were
complaints.
E. Health laws:
1. Meat Inspection Act, 1906, &
Act
Pure Food & Drug Act (contents on
label, restricted label claims)
15. II. Roosevelt, Progressive
Leader
F. Natural resources:
resources
1. Roosevelt withdrew 148 mil,
acres from public sale, plus 84 mil.
for public exploration.
2. Set up wild life sanctuaries,
nat’l. parks & monuments.
3. Appointed Gilford Pinchot to
supervise nat’l. forests.
16. III. Under Taft
A. In 1908 Taft was picked by
Roosevelt, resulting in him winning the
election.
B. Taft’s mistakes:
mistakes
1. He promised to reduce tariffs
a. but not enough, so he seemed
like a liar.
2. Americans liked the idea of
conserving our natural resources
a. He returned some forest land to
public sale & fired Pinchot
18. This is a good example of the potential
power of a 3rd political party.
III. Under Taft
C. New political party, 1912:
1. Taft & Rep. Party didn’t
nominate Roosevelt, so he formed
new party.
2. Bull Moose Party or
Progressive Party supported T.
Roosevelt
3. This split the Rep. Party
4. Resulted in the 1st Dem. Pres.
In 16 yrs….Woodrow Wilson.
Wilson
19. IV. Racial anti-discrimination
efforts
A. Booker T. Washington argued for
self-help & accommodations on the part
of blacks to society. In other words to
work within the system.
B. W.E.B. DeBois (Niagara movement,
1905) urged blacks to assert
themselves & agitate for pol. & econ.
rights. Formed the NAACP to use legal
means to end racial discrimination.
20. V. Women’s Rights
A. While the number of employed
women stayed constant from
1900-1920 (20%), the type of
work switched from domestic labor
(servants,cooks, laundresses) to
clerical work (clerks, typists,
bookkeepers), factory work and
professionals.
21. V. Women’s Rights
B. Most women still held the
lowest paying & least opportune
jobs.
C. Suffragists urged that women be
given the franchise, which came on
the national level w/the 19th
Amendment 1920.
22. This is a
sample ballot
from 1912. It
is instructing
voters how to
“properly”
vote about
women’s
suffrage.
23. Write down & answer the
following questions:
1. What were the 4 goals of
Progressivism?
2. How did abolition fit into the
reform movement?
3. How did natural disasters help
launch the local gov’t reforms?
24. Write down the following
questions:
4. How did reforms protect
children?
5. How did reforms change
working conditions?
6. How did Susan B. Anthony help
the cause of women?
25. Write down the following
questions:
7. How did T. Roosevelt become
President?
8. How did T.R. create the modern
Presidency?
9. How did T.R.’s intervention in a
coal strike set a precedent for
federal arbitration?
26. Write down the following
questions:
10. What did Taft do to anger
Progressive Republicans?
11. How did Taft’s support of Joe
Cannon alienate progressive
Republicans?
27. Key topics
1. Describe the four areas of
Progressive reform.
2. How did women’s lives change in the
early twentieth century?
3. What policies did Teddy Roosevelt
pursue?
4. Why did the Republican Party split,
and what was the result?
5. What progressive reforms did
Woodrow Wilson advance, and which
did he do little or nothing to achieve?
28. Key topics
1. Describe the four areas of
Progressive reform.
1. The four main areas of Progressive
reform were protecting social welfare,
promoting moral reform (such as
Prohibition), reforming the economy
(busting trusts and reforming business
practices), and making businesses more
efficient (scientific management and
the assembly line).
29. Key topics
2. How did women’s lives change in the
early twentieth century?
2. In the early 1900s, more women
entered the workforce. Many middle-
and upper-class women joined groups
to promote culture and reform
movements, including the effort to
improve the lives of African-American
women and to win suffrage for women.
30. Key topics
3. What policies did Teddy
Roosevelt pursue?
3. Roosevelt pushed for a strong
national government through
government intervention in
regulating business and conserving
wilderness.
31. Key topics
4. Why did the Republican Party
split, and what was the result?
4. The Republican Party split when
Roosevelt and progressives
objected to Taft’s slow pace on
reform. The result was that Wilson
won the White House and
Democrats won Congress.
32. Key topics
5. What progressive reforms did
Woodrow Wilson advance, and which
did he do little or nothing to achieve?
5. Wilson pushed for reforms in
business and banking, but did little or
nothing to aid women and African
Americans to win equal rights.
33. Terms & Names
1. progressive movement
Social reform movement in the early
20th century
2. Florence Kelley
Social reformer
3. prohibition
Making the sale or use of alcohol illegal
34. Terms & Names
4. muckraker
Writer who exposes wrongdoing
5. Robert M. LaFollette
Progressive Wisconsin governor and
senator
6. initiative
A way for people to propose laws
directly
35. Terms & Names
7. referendum
A way for people to approve changes in laws
by a vote
8. recall
A vote on whether to remove a public official
from office
9. Seventeenth Amendment
Amendment providing for senators to be
elected directly
36. Terms & Names
1. suffrage
The right to vote; a major goal of
women reformers
2. Susan B. Anthony
Leader of the woman suffrage
movement, who helped to define the
movement’s goals and beliefs and to
lead its actions
37. Terms & Names
1. Theodore Roosevelt
President from 1901 to 1909
2. Square Deal
President Roosevelt’s program of
progressive reforms
3. Upton Sinclair
Novelist who exposed social problems
38. Terms & Names:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Bill meant to lower tariffs on imported
goods
2. Gifford Pinchot
Head of the U.S. Forest Service under
Roosevelt,
39. Terms & Names:
3. Bull Moose Party
Nickname for the new Progressive
Party, which was formed to support
Roosevelt in the election of 1912
4. Woodrow Wilson
Winner of the 1912 presidential election
40. Terms & Names:
1. Clayton Antitrust Act
Law that weakened monopolies and
upheld the rights of unions and farm
organizations
2. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
A federal agency set up in 1914 to
investigate businesses to help enforce
the laws
41. Terms & Names:
3. Federal Reserve System
National banking system begun in 1913
4. Carrie Chapman Catt
President of NAWSA, who led the campaign
for woman suffrage during Wilson’s
administration
5. Nineteenth Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution giving women
the right to vote
