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1. Unit IV
Welcome to
Africa and
Latin America

2. Lesson 13 : Vocal Music
from Africa
Africa- home to approximately 80 million
people from different cultural
backgrounds and tradition.
-this content is the birthplace of one
of the world’s most unique musical styles.
Music- an integral part of the lives of the
African people. It is closely related to any
aspects of their lives. It goes much deeper
than just singing songs for rituals

3. Traditional African Music
-it is used for worship and courtship, for
easing hard work, and simply for giving
pleasure or entertainment.
The Griots- a highly skilled musicians
- pass on tribal history through oral
traditions.
African music developed through the
blending influences of the following:
- European
- African-American
- Middle Eastern

4. Soukous- the congolese guitar band music
- one of the most influential styles of
popular music in Africa.
-Characteristics of African Music-
Characteristics of predominate African music:
- Rhythmic patterns / movements
- Percussive sounds
Polyrhythmic- means they perform two or
more basic rhythms simultaneously.
Vocal style- another important element of
African music.

5. Call-response Technique- in this technique,
the lead singer who is highly trained, sings a
line or a phrase which the rest of the group
sings or echoes back.
Most commonly observed musical practices
in Vocal Music:
-Glissandos
- Bends
- Swoops

6. Lesson 14: African
Musical Instrument
African Vocal Music- polyrhythmic and
responsorial style.
- its music is predominantly rhythmic
and percussive.
Handclapping- the basic rhythmic
accompaniment of nomadic tribes.
African Rituals and Ceremonies- on the
musical accompaniment of drums, which id
believed to help summon spirits.

7. Music- used as a means to communicate
everyday tasks, religious events and calls to
war.
Some prominently known instruments:
-Talking drums- of West and Central
African tribes.
-Talking xylophones- of the Jabo tribe.
-Talking flutes- of the Nigerian tribe.
Important as the playing of musical
instruments:
-Dancing, singing, clapping

8. Idiophones
Most commonly used in Africa. These are
commonly played by societies that did not
used drums.
1.Rattles- made of dried gourd from the
calabash tree and are covered with beads to
create rattling sounds when tapped or shaken.
Two kinds of Rattles:
Primary Rattles- held by the hands.

9. Secondary Rattles- are worn by the
performers on their bodies and activated
through bodily movements.
2. Clappers- reproduce the sound of hand
clapping for ceremonial purposes.

10. Scrapped and Stamped Idiophones- some
sounds are produced by rubbing a gourd
against a board by scrapping a bottle with a
thin.
Mbira (Sansa or hand piano)- this melodic
idiophone is made from graduated series of
wooden or metal strips that are arranged.

11. Xylophone- Made up of a series of wooden
slabs or keys mounted on a clay post or on a
wooden frame.
Membranophones
-Used to emphasize the rhythmic and
percussive nature of their music.
Drums- carved out of wood or made of strips
of wood that are bound together.

12. -Come in various size and shapes. The most
common instrument throughout Africa.
Flutes- usually made from bamboo, stalks of
millet, the tip of gourd, and the husk of cane.

13. Reed pipes- it is played by inhaling and
exhaling through the slit around its opening.
Trumphets and Horns- made from animal
horns, elephant tusks and wood. Used for
conveying signals and messages as well as
music.

14. Chordophones
Musical bows- the simplest of all African
chordophones.
Zither- are stringed instruments that are
positioned horizontally.

15. Lutes- instruments with strings that run
parallel to their necks and are played through
plucking or bowing.

16. Lesson 15: Latin American
Music
Latin America- refers to the countries found
on the South America Continent, as well as the
entire Caribbean.
-Latin American Musical Styles-
Calypso- a form of music and dance popular
in the Caribbean. It originated from the pre-
Lenten carnival in Trinidad where musicians
played their music nightly.

17. Rumba- an Afro-Cuban song and dance
music that is polyrhythmic and is natural and
spontaneous in its movements. It exhibits to
fast tempos.
Three part form:
1. improvised verses
2. repetitive call
3. response singing
Merengue- well known vocal and dance
music that was adopted from the Dominican
Republic.

18. Tango- emerged at the end of 19th
century
from Buenos Aires. This dance was probably
derived from the Milonga, a lively suggestive
dance Argentina.
Salsa- a musical style that was developed in
New York City by the Urban Caribbean
Hispanics.

19. Lesson 16: Musical
Instruments of Latin
America
Latin American Music- one of the most
influential kinds of music in the world.
Different Musical Styles:
1. Tango 4. Rumba
2. Cha- cha 5. Salsa
3. Samba 6. Merengue

20. -Percussion Instrument-
Maracas- a pair of dried gourds with wooden
handles. They are played by shaking.
Claves- pairs of round, hardwood sticks that
are tapped together. They are used to play a
special on going syncopated rhythm.

21. Bongo Drum- pair of drums struck by the
hands.
Congo Drum- single extra tall bongo, struck
with the players hand.
Cabasa- looks like a wooden spool with metal

22. beads wound around it and a wooden handle.
Steel Drums- tuned metal barrels.

23. -String Instruments-
Puerto Rican Cuatro- small four-stringed
instruments similar to the largest ukulele.
Tiple- it has four double/triple sets of strings
that are used to accompany a certain music.

24. Charango- lute-shaped instrument with five
pairs of string.
-Wind Instrument-
Panpipes- known as antaras, a type of
wooden instrument from the Andes Mountain,
now Peru.

25. Trumpets- wind instruments that are made
from conch shells, tree barks and bamboo.

26. The end……..