This document provides an introduction to biochemistry and the properties of water. It defines key terms like atoms, molecules, and organic macromolecules. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up all matter. Molecules are groups of bonded atoms. Organic macromolecules are large molecules found in living things that are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The document also details the structure of water molecules and their unique properties like polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, resistance to temperature change, and being less dense as a solid. These properties are important for life and examples are given to illustrate them.

1. BellRinger
1) What is a molecule?
2) If you had to guess, what do you think
the term “organic macromolecules” means?
• Mr. Bowden will collect:
• Illustration of the Nitrogen Cycle
• NOTES: Biogeochemical Cycles
• Sub Assignment: Atoms & Molecules

2. Agenda
Collect Homework:
Illustration of Nitrogen Cycle
Notes: Biogeochemical Cycles
Collect Sub Assignment:
Atoms and Molecules Worksheet
GUIDED NOTES: Biochemistry & Properties of Water
Students practice drawing molecules
Review Questions

3. INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY

4. ATOMSATOMS
Everything in the universe is made of tinyEverything in the universe is made of tiny
particles called atomsparticles called atoms
Atoms are very, very small. More thanAtoms are very, very small. More than
2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0002,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atomsatoms
make up a single drop of water.make up a single drop of water.

5. ATOMIC SYMBOLS
The names of Atoms are abbreviated with 1 or 2The names of Atoms are abbreviated with 1 or 2
letters called the Atomic Symbol.letters called the Atomic Symbol.
The Atomic Symbol of every type of atom isThe Atomic Symbol of every type of atom is
listed in the periodic tablelisted in the periodic table

6. MOLECULES
Molecules are groups of atoms thatMolecules are groups of atoms that
have been bonded together.have been bonded together.
H2O C6H12O6CO2

7. MOLECULAR FORMULAS
A formula lists the atoms that make up aA formula lists the atoms that make up a
molecule.molecule.
If an atomic symbol is followed by a small numberIf an atomic symbol is followed by a small number
then that number is how many atoms of that kindthen that number is how many atoms of that kind
are found in the moleculeare found in the molecule
Example:Example: NHNH33 = 1 Nitrogen, 3 Hydrogen= 1 Nitrogen, 3 Hydrogen

8. ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
““Organic” is a word that means Living.Organic” is a word that means Living.
““Macro” is the opposite of “Micro”, so it means Large.Macro” is the opposite of “Micro”, so it means Large.
Organic MacromoleculesOrganic Macromolecules areare large molecules that arelarge molecules that are
found within living thingsfound within living things
Organic molecules are mostly made up of 4 elements:Organic molecules are mostly made up of 4 elements:
CarbonCarbon
HydrogenHydrogen
OxygenOxygen
NitrogenNitrogen

9. TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
Macromolecules are made byMacromolecules are made by
joining together small unitsjoining together small units
called monomers to formcalled monomers to form
long chains called polymers.long chains called polymers.
There are 4 types:There are 4 types:
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
LipidsLipids
ProteinsProteins
Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

10. PROPERTIES OF WATER

11. Water MoleculesWater Molecules
A water molecule (HA water molecule (H22O), is madeO), is made
up of three atoms --- one oxygenup of three atoms --- one oxygen
and two hydrogen.and two hydrogen.

12. POLARITY
Water is a neutral molecule, because the negativeWater is a neutral molecule, because the negative
charges are balanced by the positive charges.charges are balanced by the positive charges.
However, water molecules are polar, meaningHowever, water molecules are polar, meaning
they have a partially positive side and a partiallythey have a partially positive side and a partially
negative side.negative side.
This polarity is due to an uneven distribution ofThis polarity is due to an uneven distribution of
electrons between the oxygen and hydrogenelectrons between the oxygen and hydrogen
atoms.atoms.

13. POLARITY OF WATER

14. HYDROGEN BONDING
When it comes to electricWhen it comes to electric
charges, opposites attract.charges, opposites attract.
The positive end of oneThe positive end of one
water molecule is attractedwater molecule is attracted
to the negative end ofto the negative end of
another.another.
This electrical attractionThis electrical attraction
between water moleculesbetween water molecules
forms a connection thatforms a connection that
scientists call a “Hydrogenscientists call a “Hydrogen
Bond”Bond”

16. Properties of WaterProperties of Water
4 important properties of water:4 important properties of water:
CohesionCohesion
AdhesionAdhesion
Resistance to Temperature ChangeResistance to Temperature Change
Less Dense as a SolidLess Dense as a Solid

17. CohesionCohesion
Attraction between particles of a substance.Attraction between particles of a substance.
Cohesive substances stick together.Cohesive substances stick together.
Results inResults in surface tensionsurface tension that produces athat produces a
film allowing insects to walk on the surfacefilm allowing insects to walk on the surface
of waterof water

18. ZeroG Water Balloons

19. AdhesionAdhesion
Attraction between two different substances.Attraction between two different substances.
Water will make hydrogen bonds with otherWater will make hydrogen bonds with other
surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, andsurfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and
cotton.cotton.
Attached to a silken spider webAttached to a silken spider web Form spheres & hold onto plant leavesForm spheres & hold onto plant leaves

20. Capillary Action Magic Trick

21. Resistance to TemperatureResistance to Temperature
ChangeChange
Water resistsWater resists
temperature change, bothtemperature change, both
for heating and cooling. Itfor heating and cooling. It
can absorb or releasecan absorb or release
large amounts of heatlarge amounts of heat
energy with little changeenergy with little change
in actual temperature.in actual temperature.
This is because theThis is because the
hydrogen bonds betweenhydrogen bonds between
water molecules work towater molecules work to
keep things in a liquidkeep things in a liquid
state.state.

22. Water is Less Dense as a SolidWater is Less Dense as a Solid
Ice is less dense then liquidIce is less dense then liquid
water. That is why icewater. That is why ice
floatsfloats
Molecules in Liquid WaterMolecules in Liquid Water
are constantly breaking andare constantly breaking and
reforming hydrogen bonds,reforming hydrogen bonds,
meaning they are closemeaning they are close
together.together.
Frozen water forms aFrozen water forms a
crystal-like lattice wherebycrystal-like lattice whereby
molecules are spread out atmolecules are spread out at
fixed distances.fixed distances.

23. WaterWater IceIce

24. Assignments
Drawing and Reading Molecules
Review Questions

27. Assignments
Drawing and Reading Molecules
Review Questions