2. Objectives: list the 3 types of elements. define allotrope. identify metals, nonmetals, metalloids, groups and periods within the periodic table. define metal, nonmetal, and metalloid define malleable, ductile, luster, and brittle.
3. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table All matter is composed of one or more elements. Elements are referred to as the “building blocks of matter”.
4. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table(don’t copy) There are approximately 110 elements known. Only 90 elements are commonly found in nature. Information about the element are summarized in the periodic table. The Periodic Table
5. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table group – vertical column of elements There are 18 groups of elements. Groups are sometimes referred to as families. period – horizontal row There are 7 periods in the periodic table. Note that the bottom 2 rows are not periods. They are parts of periods 6 and 7.
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7. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table There are 3 types of elements in the periodic table. The staircase feature divides up the elements by type. Metals are to the left of the staircase. Nonmetals are to the right of the staircase. Metalloids are located along the staircase.
8. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table metals – good conductors of heat and electricity Most elements are metals. All metals are in the solid state at room temperature except one (Hg).
9. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table(don’t copy) Example Metal – Aluminum Aluminum is an excellent conductor. Aluminum is use in high voltage transmission lines. Aluminum metal more flexible, lighter in weight, and less expensive than copper. Aluminum foil is very malleable and exhibits luster.
10. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table nonmetals – poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals are brittle. (They are not malleable and ductile.) Nonmetals exist as solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature.
11. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table(don’t copy) Example Nonmetal – Carbon Graphite, a form of carbon, is used in pencils. Solid carbon is brittle.
12. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table metalloids – have properties of metals and nonmetals Metalloids are semiconductors. There are 6 metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te.
13. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table(don’t copy) Example Metalloid – Silicon Silicon is one of the most economically important elements. Because silicon is an excellent semiconductor it is the main element used in the manufacturing of integrated circuits and circuit boards. Silicon is used to manufacture computers, televisions, cell phones, I-pods, and video game systems.
14. V. The Elements and the Periodic Table(copy the term allotrope only) Some elements exist in more than one form. allotropes – different forms of the same element Although the example substances to right are made of carbon atoms, their properties differ dramatically because their carbon atoms are arranged differently at the atomic level. Examples: allotropes of carbon - diamond, graphite, and Buckminster fullerene
