This is our Nursing Informatics class's group powerpoint on the evaluation of a clinical information system. Enjoy :)

1. Evaluation of a CIS Tiffany Smith 2, 8-11, 31-33 Holly Palazza 19-26 Cooper Walsworth 3-7 Misty Glenn 27-30 Kurt Harter 12-18

2. Introduction Technology is vastly changing in today’s society. There are several areas of technology and information systems that are important and should be understood. These include: Overview of a CIS Education Cost Safety EHR Component Decision Making System

3. Clinical Information System According to Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge a CIS is “a technology based system that is applied at the point of care and is designed to support the acquisition and processing of information as well as providing storage and processing capabilities” (Mastrian & McGonigle, 2009, pp. 193)

4. Basis of CIS Friedman and Wyatt concluded that there are five categories that an organization needs to review before they decide on a CIS: Need (the depth of problems) Development (methodology) Structure ( the way the different parts function) Functionality (how easy is it to use?) Impact (how it effects those that use it) Friedman CP, Wyatt JC. Evaluation methods in medical informatics. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1997. p 42.

5. An Example CIS http://healthnetconsulting.com/acis/index.html The example model at the right is a depiction called an Apex model designed by HealthNET This Apex was designed to help healthcare institutions process and integrate their information more effectively and more clearly

6. Key Persons in a CIS The development team is the first to establish a basis for the CIS (the development team can consist of nurses, managers, analysts, insurance companies, and ancillary staff (Mastrain & McGonigle, 2009, pp. 194) The people that implement the CIS include patients/families, doctors, nurses, therapists, aides, chaplains, and many other health care staff Those that revise the CIS are often research teams that have found more beneficial ways to implement the information for the use of those that actively use the CIS daily

7. The Health Information and the CIS http://www.ilink-systems.com/industries/healthcare/healthinformationexchange.aspx The Health Information system shown at the left would help define the structure and function of the CIS; the way the different parts function and how simple it is to use the information of the CIS

8. Overview of Education Technology is constantly and rapidly changing in the medical field It is vital that staff are kept up to date on the changes in order to use it correctly and effectively. Users should be properly educated initially. Users should be properly re-educated when changes occur. There should be an education team assigned to educate staff members. This needs to be done to ensure that it is getting done properly and the team is not distracted by other tasks.

9. Educating Users Problems arise in the work place from a lack of communication and education. The most successful organizations are those where management/leadership takes proactive steps to identify and solve potential problems before they even occur. Steps: Make a list of issues and problems that need to be addressed. Make a list of potential areas for problems. Make a master list of potential or current issues, identifying the underlying problems. Work with other management/leadership to create realistic goals or solutions for the problems identified. This could include lack of staff training, lack of clear expectations, and lack of communication Implement the changes and train staff. Communicate with staff the reasons for the decisions that were made. Allow them to understand why you are training them which is to provide them with better information and support.

10. Re-Educating Staff needs to be reminded how important security is for themselves as well as their patients. Rules: Not to take shortcuts to get things done faster. This puts security at risk. Don’t share badges for access. Don’t share passwords for access. Only put in accurate and truthful information into the technology.

11. Continuing Education Continuing education can include workshops, conferences, classes, and presentations within your specific area. Education is starting to become on-line based. This allows for easier access to be included at home to better accommodate staff members and fit their lifestyle better.

13. Licensing fees

14. Purchase of hardware

15. Maintenance of hardware and software

16. Educating personnel

17. Staff dollars to research and support program(s)

19. Licensing cost based on the number of users that will be using the program. Need a license for each user.

20. Hardware costs vary greatly due to amount of hardware available prior to software purchase. Recommended replacement every 3-5 years (Bailiff interview 3-31-11).

22. Staff production also drops during the research and development on new CIS program.

26. Redundancy of data storage is essential. CoxHealth stores data on site as well as at the Springfield Underground (R. Bailiff, personal communication 3-31-11)

28. Ensure vendors are aware of importance of HIPAA security standards.http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2005/0400/p43.html.

31. Access Who should have access to each of the 8 components? Health information and data: All healthcare employees with direct patient contact need access to this information. Some positions that would be included in this are: Physicians, Physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, nurse assistants, respiratory, physical, occupational, and speech therapists, social workers and case managers. Each position should not have access to all information, though the level of access should be based on need for example a nurse assistant does not need access to all the medications a patient is on because they will not be administering medications or assessing for effectiveness or side effects.

32. Access Results management: Physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners and nurses need access to the results. Lab technicians also need access to input the information. Order entry management: Physicians and nurses need access to this aspect of the EHR. Decision support: All members of the health care team need access to this part of the system, but it needs to be tailored to each positions specific needs. For example: a nurse should get best practice results involving patient care such as skin care tips and skin breakdown prevention methods for high risk patients. Alternatively, a dietician should get alerts of patients needing specialized diet needs such as diabetics, patients who are undernourished, and cardiac patients.

33. Access All healthcare team members need to work together to implement an EHR successfully. They need to be aware that access to certain aspects of the chart may be limited and dependent upon position. As team members work with each other through communication, patient continuity of care and safety will be ensured. http://www.practiceone.com/pics/page-div.box-div.image-EHR.jpg

34. Clinical Decision Making The structure of a CIS should: Be easily accessible and user friendly. Ease and access to more information will gain trust and understanding with the user. Contain standardized language which allows for more effective tracking methods and less confusion among providers. Be formatted for rapid scanning with the ability to expand information when more detail is required. (Mastrian & McGonigle, 2009, pp. 199-202)

35. Clinical Decision Making con’t Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Guidelines “Evidence-based” implies that the document or recommendation has been created using an unbiased and transparent process of systematically reviewing, appraising, and using the best clinical research findings of the highest value to aid in the delivery of optimum clinical care to patients (Watters III, 2008). According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, they developed the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). The NGC updates their EBP guidelines yearly. Thus a CIS should be updated and reviewed twice annually looking for any additions, deletions or changes (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2011).

36. Clinical Decision Making Systems for the CIS Who designs clinical decision making systems? An online company, Open Clinical “provides an increasingly comprehensive set of resources on advanced knowledge management methods, technologies and applications for healthcare” (Open Clinical, 2011). According to this company, there are over 280 suppliers which provide clinical decision making systems for clinical information systems.

38. References Congdon, K. (2009). How Much Will an EHR System Cost You? Healthcare Technology Online. Retrieved 3/31/2011 from http://www.healthcaretechnologyonline.com/article.mvc/How-Much-Will-An-EHR-System-Cost-You-0001 Friedman CP, Wyatt JC. Evaluation Methods in Medical Informatics. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1997. p42. Retrieved from http://xnet.kp.org/permanentejournal/spring02/landscape.html. Jackson, S. (2011). Start Educating Staff on Security Now. Fierce EMR. Retrieved on 4/1/2011 from: http://www.fierceemr.com/story/start-educating-staff-security-now/2011-01-13 Kibbe, D. C. (2005, April). Ten Steps to HIPAA Security Compliance. In Family Practice Management. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2005/0400/p43.html Lutmer-Paulson, J. (2010). How to Use a Proactive Approach in Educating Staff. Retrieved on 4/1/2011 from: http://www.ehow.com/how_7475670_use-proactive-approach-educating-staff.html. McGongile, D. & Mastrain, K. (2009). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge. Jones and Bartlett; Sudbury, MA. Pp. 193-94.

39. References National Guideline Clearinghouse. (2011). National guideline clearinghouse. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from National Guideline Clearinghouse Web site, http://www.guideline.gov/faq.aspx Open Clinical. (2010). Suppliers of clinical knowledge management products. Retrieved April 1, 2011 from http://www.openclinical.org/suppliers.html Study Assesses Costs of Implementing EHR's in Primary Care Practices. (2011, March 9). In iHealthbeat. Retrieved March 31, 2011, from http://www.ihealthbeat.org/articles/2011/3/9/study-assesses-costs-of-implementing-ehrs-in-primary-care-practices.aspx#ixzz1IKHWg3tU Watters III, W.C. (2008). Defining evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Retrieved from http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/jul08/research2.asp