Update on FASB Lease Project

An Update on the FASB’s Lease
Project

September 25, 2012
Douglas Boedeker, CPA, CMA
Dboedeker@tatetryon.com
202-419-5106

Course Outline

 Why is the FASB doing this?

 FASB timeline

 Project scope

 Recording by lessees

 Recording by lessors

 Transition

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© Copyright Tate & Tryon 2012

The FASB/IASB Lease Project – WHY?

 Leases are an important source of finance – more information required.

 Concern over lack of comparability.

 Concern over “bright-line” test for operating vs. capital lease.

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FASB Timeline

 Exposure Draft Issued – August 17, 2010

 Public Comment Period Ended – December 15, 2010, 786 comment letters
were received

 Numerous redeliberations have taken place in 2011 and 2012

 A “New & Improved” Exposure Draft is anticipated in 4th Quarter of
2012 (they might extend the public comment period past 120 days)

 Additional outreach and public comments in 2013

 Final standard to be issued - ?????

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A Key Fact to Remember This Morning

Everything we talk about today is TENTATIVE!!!

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What is a “lease”?

A contract contains a lease if:

The fulfillment of the contract depends on the use of a
specified asset; and

the contract conveys the right to control the use of the
specified asset for a period of time.

Important note:
A physically distinct portion of a larger asset can be a
“specified asset”.

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Scope of the proposed standard

Simple – ALL Leases

Except :
Leases of intangible assets
Leases of mineral rights, etc.
Leases of biological assets

FASB is still considering whether leases of internal use software should
be accounted for under the new rules.

6

What about service components?

Each contract must be analyzed for lease and non-lease components.

Contract payments are then allocated between the components based on
observable purchase prices.

If there are no observable purchase prices, all payments under the contract
would be accounted for like a lease.

Lessors would allocate payments in accordance with revenue recognition
guidance.

Question:
Are items such as property taxes, insurance, and maintenance a
“service” or part of a “lease”?

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Important Exception for Short-Term Leases

 Leases with a maximum possible lease term of 12 months or less can
be accounted for the “old way”. No lease asset or liability is
recognized.

 Any renewal options are considered in the determination of the 12
month maximum period.

 Thus, month-to-month leases will likely not qualify as a short-term
lease!

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Lessee Accounting

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There will be two types of leases….

 Interest & Amortization Approach
- Lessee consumes more than an insignificant portion of leased
asset.

- Essentially similar to today’s “capital lease”.

- Will generally apply to equipment leases.

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There will be two types of leases…

 Straight-Line Expense Approach

- Lessee does not consume more than an insignificant portion
of leased assets.

- Essentially similar to today’s “operating lease” coupled with a
balance sheet gross-up.

- Will generally apply to land/building (property) leases.

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Initial Recording by a Lessee

1. Determine the “lease liability”
(Future anticipated cash payments discounted to present value at
either the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate or, if known, the rate
implicit in the contract.)

2. Determine the “right of use asset”
(Lease liability plus initial direct costs of acquiring the lease.)

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Lessee Subsequent Recording
Interest & Amortization Approach

1. Amortize the “right of use asset”. (Probably on a straight-line
basis.)

2. Adjust the lease liability using the effective interest rate method.
(Essentially treated like a note payable.)

3. Reassess significant assumptions and adjust for current facts and
circumstances.

 Thus, the P&L reflects amortization expense and interest expense.

 Total expense under the lease gets “front loaded”.

13

Lessee Subsequent Recording
Straight-Line Expense Approach

1. Figure out what the monthly straight-line expense under the lease
would be – just like the “FAS 13” calc. done today.

2. Adjust the lease liability balance sheet account as if it were
amortized like a loan payable. (Each lease payment has a
“principal” and “interest” component.)

3. The right of use asset gets debited or credited in order to make the
cash, lease expense, & lease liability adjustment balance.

 In other words, the right of use asset becomes a “balancing account”.
Or, it gets “plugged”.

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Lessor Accounting

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 Receivable & Residual Approach
- Lessee consumes more than an insignificant portion of leased
asset.

- Profit on “sale” is recognized with periodic interest income.

- Will generally apply to equipment leases.

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 Straight-Line Revenue Approach

- Lessee does not consume more than an insignificant portion
of leased assets.

- Essentially similar to today’s “operating lease” – rental income
is recognized on a straight-line basis.

- Will generally apply to land/building (property) leases.

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Receivable & Residual Approach – The Basic Steps

1. Leased asset is removed from the books. Profit on sale gets
recognized here – based on what % of total FV is getting leased.

2. Receivable is booked for the “right to receive lease payments”.
(Calculated as the PV of the future anticipated lease payments
using the discount rate implicit in the lease.)

3. A “residual asset” is recorded – essentially the unconsumed portion
of the leased asset. It is booked at the current present value, and
then accreted up to gross value by the end of the lease term.

4. Subsequent income is recognized in the form of interest income on
the lease receivable and accretion income on the residual asset.

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Straight-Line Revenue Approach – The Basic Steps

1. Leased asset stays on the books. It continues to be
amortized in its usual manner.

2. Rental income would be recognized on a straight-
line basis over the life of the lease. (Thus, we’ll still
need some kind of “accrued rent receivable”
balance sheet account.)

 Does this sound familiar?

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Calculation Quirks

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“Asset Consumption”
Here’s something directly from the FASB/IASB staff……

21 Slide from Leases: Project Update, July 2012 by FASB & IASB

Figuring out the “Lease Term”

Here’s the latest proposed definition:

“The lease term is the non-cancellable period for which the lessee has
contracted with the lessor to lease the underlying asset, together with
any options to extend or terminate the lease when there is a significant
economic incentive for an entity to exercise an option to extend the
lease, or for an entity not to exercise an option to terminate the lease.”

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Figuring out the “Lease Term”

Factors to weigh when considering the presence of significant economic
incentive:

Contract-based: Bargain renewal options, commitments to restore asset at
end of term.

Asset-based: Lessee installs significant leasehold improvements or unique
location.

Entity-specific: The historical practice of the entity, management’s intent,
and common industry practice.

The lease term should be reassessed when there are significant changes in the
relevant factors.

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Determining Future Lease Payments
The calculation of future lease payments includes:

Fixed increases specified in the contract;

Variable payments that are based on an index or rate; (The Spot Rate is
to be used to measure the future anticipated lease payments.)

Purchase options with significant economic incentive to exercise.

This is a dramatic simplification from the original ideas in the exposure
draft that would have required a probability-weighted calculation of
all contingent lease payments!

The revised standard will include guidance on how to account for lease
incentives provided by the lessor to the lessee.
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Example - Determining the “lease term”

Assume a tenant enters into a five year lease with two five-year renewal
options.

The tenant is installing a state of the art research laboratory in the facility.
The laboratory is very expensive and is considered a major investment by
the tenant.

Common industry practice is to completely replace laboratory facilities every
ten years.

There appears to be significant economic incentive for the tenant to
exercise the first renewal option.

A 10 year term will be used when initially recording the lease.

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Example - Calculation of Lease Payments
Let’s assume that our lease has an initial base rent of $1,000,000 with a 3% annual
escalation. Our tenant’s incremental borrowing rate is 8%.
Year Payment
1 $ 1,000,000
2 1,030,000
3 1,060,900
4 1,092,727
5 1,125,509
6 1,159,274
7 1,194,052
8 1,229,874
9 1,266,770
10 1,304,773
$ 11,463,879

PV @ 8% $ 7,550,134

Average Rent $ 1,146,388

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Example - Calculating the Liability and Asset
Legal fees of $265,000 were incurred as part of the review of the lease document.

Based on the lease term and rental payments analysis performed, the liability and asset
are calculated as follows…….

"LEASE LIABILITY" (PV for 10 years at 8%) $ 7,550,134

Add, direct costs (legal review) 265,000

"RIGHT TO USE ASSET" $ 7,815,134

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Example - Entries for year one…

Debit Credit

Year 1 Entry to record lease payment

Cash $ 1,000,000
Lease expense $ 1,146,388
Lease liability $ 395,990 (A)
Right of use asset $ 542,378

To record straight-line lease expense and corresponding reduction in lease liability.

1
Year 1 Entry to record direct cost amortization

Amortization expense (??) $ 26,500
Right of use asset $ 26,500

To record amortization expense related to capitalized direct lease costs

(A) - This is the "principal" portion of the annual cash payment.

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Items to consider each year
Lease term: Have factors changed regarding economic incentives to
exercise or not exercise renewal options. (Discount rate would also
change.)

Payments tied to an index: Recalculate future payments based on the
current year-end’s spot rate.

Right of Use Asset: Assess for impairment.

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Transition

 Early adoption will likely be permitted.

 Generally a retrospective approach, with a number of modifications designed
to make the initial application less onerous.

 However, full retrospective adoption will be permitted.

 Nonpublic entities will likely get more time.

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Good Luck!

 You might want to sneak away sometime before this all goes final......

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Speaker Biography
Douglas Boedeker, is a partner within Tate & Tryon’s Audit and
Assurance Services unit and is also actively involved in the Firm's
exempt organization tax services group. He has 20 years of
experience providing an array of audit, tax, and consulting
services to a variety of nonprofit organizations and employee
benefit plans. He takes particular pride that his family has
contained at least one CPA every year since 1923. Doug
graduated summa cum laude from Susquehanna University in
Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Science degree in
accounting while simultaneously completing the coursework for a
second major in arts administration. Doug Boedeker, CPA, CMA
Audit Partner
Tate & Tryon
Doug is a frequent speaker on a variety of exempt organization
Direct: 202-419-5106
accounting and tax issues. He recently lead a session on dboedeker@tatetryon.com
presenting the Form 990 & audited financial statements to a
nonprofit’s board of directors at the 2012 AICPA Not for Profit
Industry Conference. Doug is a coauthor to Guide to the Newest
IRS Form 990: Interpreting and Complying with the New Tax
Reporting Requirements for Transparency and Accountability,
(published by ASAE).
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Update on FASB Lease Project

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