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Security of gas supply
Gert-Jan Heerens
TNO - Energy
Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research “TNO”
Founded in 1932 by act of parliament
Independent source of expertise
Approximately 4.400 staff
~ €580 M turnover
OUR MISSION
To apply technological knowledge with the aim of strengthening
the innovative power of industry and government
Business of TNO
From concept to innovation/application
Knowledge
development
Knowledge
application
Knowledge
exploitation
Develop
fundamental
knowledge
With
universities
With
partners
With
customers
Embedded in the
market
- PhDs sponsoring
- MsC Traineeships
- Student Internships
- Joint Industry Projects
- Research Programs
- Technology roadmapping
- Consultancy
- Research and
Development
- Licensing I.P.
- Spin-out companies
TNO presence
Corporate story
4
TNO organization
6
Mechanics, Materials &
Structures
Building Engineering &
Civil Engineering
Communication &
Information
Physics &
Electronics
Fluid Mechanics
Chemistry & Energetics
Flow & Structural
Dynamics
High Performance
Energetics
Advanced Concepts &
Products
Process Modelling &
Control
Separation Technology
Flow Control
Innovative Materials
Instrumentation
Power Trains
Space & Science
Radar
Transceivers
Nano-instrumentation
Acoustics
Optics
Computer Vision
Intelligent Imaging
Distributed Sensor
Systems
Sonar
Electronic Defence
Corrosion & Anti-fouling
Lab for Ballistic
Research
Weapon Systems
Materials Performance
Holst
Multilayer Devices
Rapid manufacturing
Precision Motion Systems
Personal Monitoring
Vehicle Dynamics
Mechanical & Maritime
Constructions
Greenhouse Fieldlab
Building Innovation
Structural Assessment &
Building Lab
Energy, Comfort &
Indoor Quality
Cooling and Heating
Systems
Business Information
Services
Service Enabling &
Management
Security
Multimedia Technology
Planning, Performance
& Quality
Connectivity
Access Network
Technology
Vibrations & Noise
Building Materials
Material Performance,
Risk & Reliability
Network & Service
Control
Envir. Sust. Transport
TNO Technical Sciences
1-1-2011
Expertise groups Technical Science
Business focus Energy
Gas infrastructure
• Production
• Transport
• Storage
• Distribution
Security of gas supply; dealing with events
Consumers
Event
Event
Security of gas supply; dealing with events in war
like scenarios
Prevention
Minimizing impact
Minimizing the effect of the impact
Defence / security
Defence / Energy
Energy
Expertise from:
Design and construct infrastructure
$
Many requirements to be balanced:
• Security of supply
• Safety
• Minimum environmental impact
• At affordable costs
• Capacity
• Future developments, biogas.
• Resilience, threats, failure
• Storage
• Legislation, regulation, tax
• Technology,
• …
Model based
scenario analysis
as part of the
design process
Changes only possible
with high investment.
Key aspect of scenario analysis to support
the design for critical gas infrastructure:
• Provide comprehensive data to support decision
making process.
“Inline” real time prediction of gas
distribution in complex gas network
systems.
The Gas Distribution Network in the
Netherlands
Discovery of the largest natural
gas field of Europe in 1959
(Groningen Field, 100 TCF)
led to a fine mazed gas
distribution network supplying
industry and practically all
households with gas (currently 40
TCF reserves)
Current national policy aims at
strengthening sustainable gas
production (biogas production) in
the network
High pressure pipelines in the
Netherlands
Current Situation for Gas Distribution Providers
• Responsible for gas supply (at
specified pressure) to its
customers
• Single gas supplier
• Constant gas quality
• Predictable gas usage of
industry and households
67/40 bar
8 bar
4 bar
8 or 4 or1 bar
100/30 mbar
New Developments for Gas Distribution
Providers
• Local biogas providers feed into
the network
• Variable Demand (Dynamic)
• Local heat generation
• Local power generation
(coupling E and G markets)
• More flexible Gas Supply Market
• Green for Grey Government Policy
• Increased Gas Quality bandwidth
• Higher uptime
67/40 bar
8 bar
4 bar
8 or 4 or1 bar
100/30 mbar
Biogas Feed
Solution: Direction Decision Center
One-Column Format
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” R.J.P. van der Linden
Old
New
Decision Center Tasks
• Network Monitoring of
• Pressure, flow, Voltage, Current
• Transport quality (delivery reliability)
• Gas quality
• Network quality
• Event handling
• Short Term Forecasting with multiple scenarios
• Maintenance planning and control
• Balancing
Slide 17
Monitoring, Prediction and Balancing the Gas
Network
• Need of a real-time network prediction model
• Available Models and Tools are developed for network
capacity design (not real-time, no real-time field input, …)
Slide 18
New dynamic simulation versus linear calculations
Slide 19
• TNO developed software for dynamic simulation of (plant)
networks (PULSIM)
• Includes mass, impulse and energy balance
• Includes models for compressor machinery
Real-Time Network Simulation Base Case (Regional Network)
Slide 20
Several hundreds km of pipelines, 254 stations,
>8000 users, 81000 pipe segments
חשיבותן של מערכות לאבטחת אספקת גז בשעת חירום
חשיבותן של מערכות לאבטחת אספקת גז בשעת חירום
Flow Prediction for two scenarios
Slide 23
Normal Situation Pipe out of operation north of de Koog
Role of the Real Time simulation in Decision Support
Slide 24
Meteo
Controls
Demand Pattern
Supply
Pattern
Netwerk events
Planned
(Maintenance)
Unplanned
(Failures)
Operational Network
Netoperator-BC
Sensors Operator Support
Modellen
Data >
information
Prediction
Diagnostics
Balancing
Proces
Actie
Advice (4-24-48 h)
Status
Historian
databaseData
Performance
MPC
Customers
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
Conclusion
• A fast simulator was developed for prediction flow, pressure and gas mixture
composition at any point in a gas distribution network
• Enables real-time prediction of network behavior
• Designed for use in an operator support system,
• Enables to scenario analysis for cost effective design.
• Tested with off-line data of a regional network and a communal network
• Current developments:
• Pilot implementation (2013)
• Can support war like scenarios
Slide 25
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
Gas network dealing with events war
like scenario’s
Prevention
Minimizing impact
Minimizing the effect of the impact
Defence / security
Defence / Civil
Civil
2
7
Mechanics, Materials &
Structures
Building Engineering
& Civil Engineering
Communication &
Information
Physics &
Electronics
Fluid Mechanics
Chemistry & Energetics
Flow & Structural
Dynamics
High Performance
Energetics
Advanced Concepts &
Products
Process Modelling &
Control
Separation Technology
Flow Control
Innovative Materials
Instrumentation
Power Trains
Space & Science
Radar
Transceivers
Nano-instrumentation
Acoustics
Optics
Computer Vision
Intelligent Imaging
Distributed Sensor
Systems
Sonar
Electronic Defence
Corrosion & Anti-fouling
Lab for Ballistic
Research
Weapon Systems
Materials Performance
Holst
Multilayer Devices
Rapid manufacturing
Precision Motion Systems
Personal Monitoring
Vehicle Dynamics
Mechanical & Maritime
Constructions
Greenhouse Fieldlab
Building Innovation
Structural Assessment &
Building Lab
Energy, Comfort &
Indoor Quality
Cooling and Heating
Systems
Business Information
Services
Service Enabling &
Management
Security
Multimedia Technology
Planning, Performance
& Quality
Connectivity
Access Network
Technology
Vibrations & Noise
Building Materials
Material Performance,
Risk & Reliability
Network & Service
Control
Envir. Sust. Transport
TNO Technical Sciences
1-1-2011
Cross fertilisation, combine expertise's.
Defence Ènergy
Materials Gas physics
Mech
design
29
Events: Accidents and terroristic threats
30
Terroristic Attacks on LNG tankers and storages
• Risk assessment
• Damage extent for all weapon effects
• Cascading effects
• Passive & active counter measures
Close-in
explosion
Gas leakage scenario
Gas dispersion (source and weather conditions)
Gas explosion overpressure
TNO CFD code AutoReagas
31
Calculation of pressures from gas-explosions,
pressure
32
Various application scales, distances and materials
33
Blast study (SBM) for topside structure
34
Structure under blast load (study for Bluewater and vanDam)
• New advanced blast walls to withstand higher pressures
from more gas throughput (FLNG)
• Effective (low mass and cost) design of blast walls by means of
developed failure mechanisms in FEM
• Check of existing structure and components under blast load
35
Test facilities
GEC (Schaik)
LBR (Ypenburg)
Blast simulator (Rijswijk)
Front End Engineering & Design study – TNO’s
contribution / support
Gas leakage dispersion & gas explosion overpressure
Risk analysis
Piping arrangement & deck layout
Position of blast walls
Choice and Development of blast walls & blast doors
Transient structural response due to blast (Siemens)
PFP (passive fire protection) optimisation
7/12/2013
36
Innovation according to some others….

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חשיבותן של מערכות לאבטחת אספקת גז בשעת חירום

  • 1. Security of gas supply Gert-Jan Heerens TNO - Energy
  • 2. Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research “TNO” Founded in 1932 by act of parliament Independent source of expertise Approximately 4.400 staff ~ €580 M turnover OUR MISSION To apply technological knowledge with the aim of strengthening the innovative power of industry and government
  • 3. Business of TNO From concept to innovation/application Knowledge development Knowledge application Knowledge exploitation Develop fundamental knowledge With universities With partners With customers Embedded in the market - PhDs sponsoring - MsC Traineeships - Student Internships - Joint Industry Projects - Research Programs - Technology roadmapping - Consultancy - Research and Development - Licensing I.P. - Spin-out companies
  • 6. 6 Mechanics, Materials & Structures Building Engineering & Civil Engineering Communication & Information Physics & Electronics Fluid Mechanics Chemistry & Energetics Flow & Structural Dynamics High Performance Energetics Advanced Concepts & Products Process Modelling & Control Separation Technology Flow Control Innovative Materials Instrumentation Power Trains Space & Science Radar Transceivers Nano-instrumentation Acoustics Optics Computer Vision Intelligent Imaging Distributed Sensor Systems Sonar Electronic Defence Corrosion & Anti-fouling Lab for Ballistic Research Weapon Systems Materials Performance Holst Multilayer Devices Rapid manufacturing Precision Motion Systems Personal Monitoring Vehicle Dynamics Mechanical & Maritime Constructions Greenhouse Fieldlab Building Innovation Structural Assessment & Building Lab Energy, Comfort & Indoor Quality Cooling and Heating Systems Business Information Services Service Enabling & Management Security Multimedia Technology Planning, Performance & Quality Connectivity Access Network Technology Vibrations & Noise Building Materials Material Performance, Risk & Reliability Network & Service Control Envir. Sust. Transport TNO Technical Sciences 1-1-2011 Expertise groups Technical Science
  • 8. Gas infrastructure • Production • Transport • Storage • Distribution Security of gas supply; dealing with events Consumers Event Event
  • 9. Security of gas supply; dealing with events in war like scenarios Prevention Minimizing impact Minimizing the effect of the impact Defence / security Defence / Energy Energy Expertise from:
  • 10. Design and construct infrastructure $ Many requirements to be balanced: • Security of supply • Safety • Minimum environmental impact • At affordable costs • Capacity • Future developments, biogas. • Resilience, threats, failure • Storage • Legislation, regulation, tax • Technology, • … Model based scenario analysis as part of the design process Changes only possible with high investment.
  • 11. Key aspect of scenario analysis to support the design for critical gas infrastructure: • Provide comprehensive data to support decision making process.
  • 12. “Inline” real time prediction of gas distribution in complex gas network systems.
  • 13. The Gas Distribution Network in the Netherlands Discovery of the largest natural gas field of Europe in 1959 (Groningen Field, 100 TCF) led to a fine mazed gas distribution network supplying industry and practically all households with gas (currently 40 TCF reserves) Current national policy aims at strengthening sustainable gas production (biogas production) in the network High pressure pipelines in the Netherlands
  • 14. Current Situation for Gas Distribution Providers • Responsible for gas supply (at specified pressure) to its customers • Single gas supplier • Constant gas quality • Predictable gas usage of industry and households 67/40 bar 8 bar 4 bar 8 or 4 or1 bar 100/30 mbar
  • 15. New Developments for Gas Distribution Providers • Local biogas providers feed into the network • Variable Demand (Dynamic) • Local heat generation • Local power generation (coupling E and G markets) • More flexible Gas Supply Market • Green for Grey Government Policy • Increased Gas Quality bandwidth • Higher uptime 67/40 bar 8 bar 4 bar 8 or 4 or1 bar 100/30 mbar Biogas Feed
  • 16. Solution: Direction Decision Center One-Column Format Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” R.J.P. van der Linden Old New
  • 17. Decision Center Tasks • Network Monitoring of • Pressure, flow, Voltage, Current • Transport quality (delivery reliability) • Gas quality • Network quality • Event handling • Short Term Forecasting with multiple scenarios • Maintenance planning and control • Balancing Slide 17
  • 18. Monitoring, Prediction and Balancing the Gas Network • Need of a real-time network prediction model • Available Models and Tools are developed for network capacity design (not real-time, no real-time field input, …) Slide 18
  • 19. New dynamic simulation versus linear calculations Slide 19 • TNO developed software for dynamic simulation of (plant) networks (PULSIM) • Includes mass, impulse and energy balance • Includes models for compressor machinery
  • 20. Real-Time Network Simulation Base Case (Regional Network) Slide 20 Several hundreds km of pipelines, 254 stations, >8000 users, 81000 pipe segments
  • 23. Flow Prediction for two scenarios Slide 23 Normal Situation Pipe out of operation north of de Koog
  • 24. Role of the Real Time simulation in Decision Support Slide 24 Meteo Controls Demand Pattern Supply Pattern Netwerk events Planned (Maintenance) Unplanned (Failures) Operational Network Netoperator-BC Sensors Operator Support Modellen Data > information Prediction Diagnostics Balancing Proces Actie Advice (4-24-48 h) Status Historian databaseData Performance MPC Customers Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
  • 25. Conclusion • A fast simulator was developed for prediction flow, pressure and gas mixture composition at any point in a gas distribution network • Enables real-time prediction of network behavior • Designed for use in an operator support system, • Enables to scenario analysis for cost effective design. • Tested with off-line data of a regional network and a communal network • Current developments: • Pilot implementation (2013) • Can support war like scenarios Slide 25 Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
  • 26. Gas network dealing with events war like scenario’s Prevention Minimizing impact Minimizing the effect of the impact Defence / security Defence / Civil Civil
  • 27. 2 7 Mechanics, Materials & Structures Building Engineering & Civil Engineering Communication & Information Physics & Electronics Fluid Mechanics Chemistry & Energetics Flow & Structural Dynamics High Performance Energetics Advanced Concepts & Products Process Modelling & Control Separation Technology Flow Control Innovative Materials Instrumentation Power Trains Space & Science Radar Transceivers Nano-instrumentation Acoustics Optics Computer Vision Intelligent Imaging Distributed Sensor Systems Sonar Electronic Defence Corrosion & Anti-fouling Lab for Ballistic Research Weapon Systems Materials Performance Holst Multilayer Devices Rapid manufacturing Precision Motion Systems Personal Monitoring Vehicle Dynamics Mechanical & Maritime Constructions Greenhouse Fieldlab Building Innovation Structural Assessment & Building Lab Energy, Comfort & Indoor Quality Cooling and Heating Systems Business Information Services Service Enabling & Management Security Multimedia Technology Planning, Performance & Quality Connectivity Access Network Technology Vibrations & Noise Building Materials Material Performance, Risk & Reliability Network & Service Control Envir. Sust. Transport TNO Technical Sciences 1-1-2011 Cross fertilisation, combine expertise's. Defence Ènergy
  • 29. 29 Events: Accidents and terroristic threats
  • 30. 30 Terroristic Attacks on LNG tankers and storages • Risk assessment • Damage extent for all weapon effects • Cascading effects • Passive & active counter measures Close-in explosion
  • 31. Gas leakage scenario Gas dispersion (source and weather conditions) Gas explosion overpressure TNO CFD code AutoReagas 31 Calculation of pressures from gas-explosions, pressure
  • 32. 32 Various application scales, distances and materials
  • 33. 33 Blast study (SBM) for topside structure
  • 34. 34 Structure under blast load (study for Bluewater and vanDam) • New advanced blast walls to withstand higher pressures from more gas throughput (FLNG) • Effective (low mass and cost) design of blast walls by means of developed failure mechanisms in FEM • Check of existing structure and components under blast load
  • 35. 35 Test facilities GEC (Schaik) LBR (Ypenburg) Blast simulator (Rijswijk)
  • 36. Front End Engineering & Design study – TNO’s contribution / support Gas leakage dispersion & gas explosion overpressure Risk analysis Piping arrangement & deck layout Position of blast walls Choice and Development of blast walls & blast doors Transient structural response due to blast (Siemens) PFP (passive fire protection) optimisation 7/12/2013 36
  • 37. Innovation according to some others….