2. Overview
2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 2
Session 1
English Vs Japanese
Using Power Point
Handling Questions
Session 3
Analogy and Metaphor
Technical Vocabulary
Session 2
Structuring your Presentation
Chunking it Right
Body Language
Session 4
Presentation Practice
4. 2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 4
What is a Presentation?
1) Papers VS Presentations
2) Power Point Presentations VS Poster Presentations
3) English Presentations VS Japanese Presentation
The Basics
Power Point Basics: size
colour
backgrounds
etc.
Structuring Your Presentation
Big Picture Introduction Conclusion
Details Main Body
6. Types of Questions
• Basic to the understanding of the topic.
– Must be answered!
• Difficult or long questions about the topic.
– Give a quick answer (showing that you know the answer) then
offer to talk more after your presentation.
• “What if Questions” Unrelated questions or
questions that ask you to guess about the future.
– Leave the question for later.
– Remember to be polite.
8. Think about the way people learn
• A presentation is a teaching session!
• What do you want to teach?
• How could people learn what you want to teach?
2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 8
9. Think of your presentation as a 5
minute chance to teach your paper
• Introduction: -Self 10-20 Seconds
-Academic 30-40 Seconds
• Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute
-Point 2 1 minute
-Point 3 1 minute
• Conclusion 1 minute
• Questions 5 minutes
2011/10/12 9Copywrite Francesco Bolstad
10. Know your Audience
What are the judges
looking for?
• Content
– New Ideas
– Relevance
• Presentation
– Pronunciation
– Accuracy and Fluency
– Body Language
• Slides
– Format
– Spelling and Grammar
2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 10
11. Introduction
• Keep it simple
• Warm up the audience
• Introduce yourself
• Outline your presentation
2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 11
12. Main Body
• Its up to you
• Sequencing-Later Today
• Chunking – Later Today
• Metaphor – Session #3
2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 12
19. Example topic
Big Picture
Details
• Life on Earth
• Sensing
• Cellular VS
Organism
• Ion Channels
• TRP Channels
• TRP A1
• Inflammatory
Mediators
• NO, H2O2
Everyone
Biologists
Microbiologists
TRP Channel
Specialists
TRP A1 Specialists
Level of Detail Target Audience
20. Examples for Chunking
• CO2 emissions from cows.
• Shakespeare’s use of the third person in
Romeo and Juliet.
• The cost of a bowl of rice at Kyoto University’s
café.
• World peace
• Making money
• Finding a life partner
2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 20
21. Your Presentation Topics
• What is your big picture?
• What information to you want to explain?
• What conclusions can you make about the big
picture from your details?
22. Designing Your Presentation
• Introduction
– What is the big picture? What is your research apart of?
– Why is this research important
• Main Body
– What details do people need to know?
– What are your key points?
– How did you find your results (method)
• Conclusion
– How do your results/key points relate to the big picture?
– What if something changed? (further research)
25. 25
Key issues identified in conserving elephant
populations
• Enfroceable Property Rights
• Biodiversity
• Externalities
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
26. 26
The effectiveness of the ivory trade ban depends on the
availability of substitutes, the enforcement of property
rights and the impact of anti-ivory campaigns
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching) P ($)
Q
D1
D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on ivory
Ban on rhino horn
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
27. 27
The ban on rhino horn was ineffective because
substitutes were unavailable
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
P ($)
Q
D1
D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on Rhino Horn
Ban on ivory
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
28. 28
The transfer of property and management rights to
farmers will internalize externalities and increase the
number of elephants.
P ($)
Q (Number of Elephants)
MDF
MCG
MSC = MCG + MDF
Q1Q2
0
MSC … Marginal Social Cost MCF … Marginal Cost of Farmer
MCG … Marignal Cost of Government MSB … Marginal Social Benefit
MDF … Marginal Damage to Farmer
MBG … Marginal Benefit of Government
MBG
P1
P2
MSB
MCG
MSC = MCG + MCF
Q3
P3
Q2
P2
MDF = MCF
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
29. 29
The optimal harvest rate will be chosen to secure
profit maximization which will ensure a sustainable
elephant population
Effort
Totalrevenueandcost($)
TR
TC
EMSY
Grafton, R.Q, et al., 2004, The Economics of the Environment and Natural Resources, p.110
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
30. 30
Currently management of elephant populations are
nationalized and uncoordinated
Stiles, D., 2004.The ivory trade and elephant conservation.
Environmental Conversation 31 (4): p. 309
“Elephant conservation and public welfare can be
better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade
ban, but until demand for ivory can be
restrained and various monitoring and regulation
measures are put into place it is premature for
CITES to permit ivory sales”
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Terms Conclusion
32. Ivory trade ban and elephant
conservation
by
Francis Bolstad
Environmental Economics
And the Ivory trade ban
33. 33
Agenda
• Background
• The Ban
• Key Economic Issues
• Conclusion
The elephant picture in the left corner is adapted from IFAW annual report fiscal year 2003
34. 34
African and Asian elephants have different identifying
features, as …
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
http://www.hedweb.com/ eleplone.htm
35. 35
Elephant populations dropped by half between 1976 -
1989, this lead to listing on CITES
Appendix I thus prohibiting trade in elephant products.
African Elephant Asian Elephant
http://www.hedweb.com/ eleplone.htm
http://www.cardamom.org/ images/
elephant_large.jpg
http://www.cites.org
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
36. 36
Ban opponents argue that the trade of elephant
products will lead to increased funding for wildlife
conservation and compensation for E-H conflict.
Trade of elephant products
Efficient Markets
Supply Price ↓ Poaching and Smuggling ↓
Income from sales ↑
Wildlife
Conservation ↑
Elephant – Human
Conflict
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
37. 37
Ban proponents argue that the trade of elephant
products will endanger the wildlife conservation
efforts through fuelling demand.
Trade of elephant products
Demand ↑
Supply ↑
Elephant Population ↓
Poaching and Smuggling ↑
Tourism
Revenues ↓
Biodiversity ↓Funds for
Wildlife
Conservation ↓
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
38. 38
Anti-ivory campaigns have been effective in
decreasing demand. However an illegal trade has
remained to meet intrinsic demand
- International authority as supervisor
- Intrinsic demand for ivory products still exists
- The ban pushes trade underground
+ Anti-ivory campaigns have been very successful, especially in
the Western World
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
39. 39
Key issues identified in conserving elephant
populations
• Enfroceable Property Rights
• Biodiversity
• Externalities
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
40. 40
The increased numbers of elephants under the ban
has come at a high cost
- Increasing cost of enforcing anti-poaching laws and anti-ivory campaigns
- Decreasing revenue from ivory sales and hunting
• Continuing uncompensated damage to crops
+ Increase in overall elephant numbers
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
41. 41
The effectiveness of the ivory trade ban depends on the
availability of substitutes, the enforcement of property
rights and the impact of anti-ivory campaigns
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching) P ($)
Q
D1
D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on ivory
Ban on rhino horn
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
42. 42
The ban on rhino horn was ineffective because
substitutes were unavailable
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
P ($)
Q
D1
D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on Rhino Horn
Ban on ivory
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
43. 43
The transfer of property and management rights to
farmers will internalize externalities and increase the
number of elephants.
P ($)
Q (Number of Elephants)
MDF
MCG
MSC = MCG + MDF
Q1Q2
0
MSC … Marginal Social Cost MCF … Marginal Cost of Farmer
MCG … Marignal Cost of Government MSB … Marginal Social Benefit
MDF … Marginal Damage to Farmer
MBG … Marginal Benefit of Government
MBG
P1
P2
MSB
MCG
MSC = MCG + MCF
Q3
P3
Q2
P2
MDF = MCF
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
44. 44
The optimal harvest rate will be chosen to secure
profit maximization which will ensure a sustainable
elephant population
Effort
Totalrevenueandcost($)
TR
TC
EMSY
Grafton, R.Q, et al., 2004, The Economics of the Environment and Natural Resources, p.110
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
45. 45
Currently management of elephant populations are
nationalized and uncoordinated
Stiles, D., 2004.The ivory trade and elephant conservation.
Environmental Conversation 31 (4): p. 309
“Elephant conservation and public welfare can be
better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade
ban, but until demand for ivory can be
restrained and various monitoring and regulation
measures are put into place it is premature for
CITES to permit ivory sales”
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Terms Conclusion
48. Body Language
DOs
• Eye Contact
• Emphasize
• Smile !
• Move around
DON’Ts
• Look down (Read)
• Cross your arms
• Touch your face
• Stand in front of the
overhead
2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 48
