1. Orwell’s Animal
Farm
VS.
The Russian
Revolution
Adapted from Mr. White
2. Russian Society
• At the turn of the 20th
century, Russia was in an
appalling state of poverty
while the Tsar lived in
luxury. There was
tremendous dissatisfaction.
3. Czar Nicholas II
• A poor leader at best, compared
to western leaders
• Cruel - sometimes brutal with
opponents
• Sometimes kind - hired students
as spies to make $
4. Nicholas II
• Believed he was the
unquestionable leader of
Russia appointed by God.
• Had unarmed protesters
murdered in the streets in
1905.
10. Vladimir Lenin
• Lenin adopted Marx’s ideas.
He believed that the
bourgeoisie (middle class)
exploited the workers and
must therefore be
overthrown.
12. Lenin
Changed Russia’s name to
the USSR (Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics)
Gave peasants their own
land in 1918
13. Lenin dies in 1924
• It is believed Lenin ordered
Nicholas II murdered
• When Lenin died, there was
a power struggle between
Leon Trotsky and Stalin.
14. Leon Trotsky
• One of the leaders of "October
Revolution” along with Lenin and
Stalin
• Believed in “pure” communism,
followed Marx
15. Trotsky
• Trotsky was a brilliant speaker.
With Lenin, he succeeded in
overthrowing the government in
October 1917. Lenin was the
President, Trotsky the
Commissar for Foreign Affairs.
16. Commissar
• Former name of a head of a
government department in
the Soviet Union, like
Secretary of Education Arne
Duncan
18. Trotsky
• Wanted to improve life for
all in Russia
• Chased away by Lenin's
KGB (Lenin's secret police)
19. Civil War
• From 1918 –1921 there was civil
war. Foreign countries including
Britain, France, Poland and USA
were alarmed at the spread of
Communism but the Red Army
(the Bolsheviks), led by Trotsky,
proved successful.
21. Joseph Stalin
• Average speaker, not
educated like Trotsky
• Didn't exactly follow
Marx's ideas
22. Stalin
• Craved power, willing to kill for
it
• Used KGB, allowed church,
and propagandized
• Brought industrialization to
USSR, but at a high price
23. Propaganda Department of
Stalin’s government
• Worked for Stalin to support his
image
• Lied to convince the people to
follow Stalin
25. Stalin takes control
• In his sinister way, Stalin
secured his power base, and
engineered the permanent exile
of Trotsky in 1929.
26. • The exiled Trotsky was
still useful to Stalin. He
now had Trotsky to
blame for all the
problems and difficulties
that Russia suffered.
27. Politburo
• The policy-making body of
the Communist party’s
Central Committee. In
reality, it was a force to
carry out Stalin’s orders and
secure his position as
dictator.
28. Cheka/OGPU/NKVD/KGB :
• These were the various
names/ initials given to
the secret police during
Stalin’s dictatorship.
29. KGB - Secret Police
• Not really police, but thugs who
forced all to support Stalin
• Used force, often killed entire
families for disobedience
• Totally loyal, part of Stalin's
power, even over army
30. Religion
• Marx said religion was the "Opiate of
the people" and a lie
• Used to make people not complain
and do their work
31. Religion
• Religion was tolerated because
people would work and not
complain
• Stalin knew religion would stop
violent revolutions if he controlled
the leaders
32. Communist supporters
dedicated but deluded
• People believed Stalin because
he was "Communist"
• Many stayed loyal after it was
obvious Stalin a tyrant
• Betrayed by Stalin who ignored
and killed them
33. Overview of Russian Revolution
• Supposed to fix problems
caused by the Czar
• Life was even worse long after
revolution
• Stalin made the Czar look like
a nice guy
34. Kulaks
• These were the land-owning
peasants who did not want
their farms to be collectivized
after the revolution. From
1929, Stalin began to
exterminate them as a class.
35. 5 Year Plans
• From 1927-1932, new
economic plans, called the
five-year plans, were
introduced. The purpose
was to improve industry.
36. Collectivization
• Stalin said 25 million individual
farms were inefficient.
• Ordered collectivization, in
which small farms were
combined into large ones that
produced for the state
37. • Many farmers resisted, but by
1930, 50 percent of all farms had
been grouped together.
• Many rebellious farmers killed
their animals and destroyed their
grain.
• Farmers who didn’t cooperate
were shot and their land given to
the nearest collective.
38. Germany and Great Britain
• Stalin negotiated with both
Germany and Great Britain.
The Russo-German pact of
August 1939 allowed Russia to
occupy eastern Poland while
Germany occupied the rest.
39. Germany and Great Britain
• On 22 June, 1941, Germany
attacked her ally Russia without
warning. Thus the alliance
between Nazism and
Communism fell apart and Russia
formed an alliance with Britain
and the USA.
• They fought together in World
War II against Hitler.
40. Cold War begins
• The Tehran conference in 1943
presented the Soviet Union,
Britain and America as allies.
However, by the end of the
Second World War, the Soviet
Union became an enemy of its
allies as the Cold War intensified.
41. The world’s most deadly
dictators
• Mao Zedong (China) – 40 to
70 million
• Joseph Stalin (Russia) – 23
million
• Adolf Hitler (Germany) – 17
million
43. #1
• Who had the ideas in the
beginning that inspired
the rebellions?
44. #2
• What are the real
enemies of Communism
according to Marx, Lenin,
Stalin and Trotsky?
45. #3 and #4
• Who does Stalin blame
anytime a problem
arises? Why do you think
Stalin blames this
person?
46. #5 and #6
• Who would you associate with this
quote? Marx, Lenin Stalin or
Trotsky? Why did you choose that
person?
• “All men are equal but some are
more equal than others”
47. #7
• Compare the lives of
Russians when they live
under Czar Nicholas and
when they live under Stalin.
48. #8 Who is this?
• Tells of a dream that leads
to Rebellion and inspires
others.
49. #9 Who is this?
• Leader of the rebellion that
drives out Czar Nicholas II.
50. #10 Who is this?
• Leader of Rebellion that
is driven out of Russia
and later killed in Mexico.
51. #11 Who is this?
• Leader of the Rebellion that
drives out his competition
and starts to purge those
that disagree or may
disagree with him.
52. #12 Who is this?
• Branch of Government
that enforces Stalin’s
rules.
53. Who is Who
• Mr. Jones- Czar Nicholas II
• Old Major- Lenin
• Snowball- Trotsky
• Napoleon- Stalin
54. Who is Who
• Dogs-KGB
• Windmill- 5 year plan
• Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body
• Battle of the Cowshed-
Russian Civil War
55. Who is Who
• Frederick- Hitler
• Animal Executions – Stalin’s
Purge
• Battle of the Windmill – World
War II
• Card Game- Tehran Conference
• Pilkington- FDR
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Notas do Editor
Marx's criticism focused on the dominant political and economic system of his time, known as "capitalism." Germany, the United States, and England were powerful nations that lived under this system, and they were exporting it--sometimes by force--over the face of the globe. Capitalism encourages competition between its citizens, and provides rewards in an unequal way. Capitalist nations defended this distribution of goods on the grounds that the factory owners had often taken risks, or mastered skills, that the meat-packer had not. Therefore, the factory owner deserved the extra benefits The capitalist nations, he argued, allowed the wealthy few to amass huge fortunes, while the numerous poor toiled in unsafe factories for low wages, lived in wretched filth, and died before their time. Worse still, the rich denied equal opportunity to the poor, hoarding goods and reserving advantages like education and health care for themselves. Vast mansions existed alongside tenement-houses; in the one, every possible luxury could be found and every need was met, while next door whole families stuffed themselves into single rooms and ate meager rations. How could it be fair that the wealthy few had extra millions in the bank, while the masses struggled to survive, or starved to death? Marx spoke of the dawning of a new social order based on the equal distribution of wealth and possessions among a nation's citizenry. In such a society, Marx theorized, tranquil relations would prevail between all men and women, and age-old problems like poverty, ignorance, and starvation would vanish. The rich would be compelled to yield their surplus to the poor, and individuals would produce according to their abilities, and consume according to their needs. Everyone would have what they needed, and no one citizen would possess more than another. Casting his eye back across the arc of history, he asserted that in every era the same fundamental conflict emerged: The few well-placed and powerful sought to maintain their wealth by actively suppressing the natural desires of the many poor. These cruel circumstances were hard to change because the rich had no reason to share, and possessed the means by which to control the impoverished masses. The sheer numbers of the downtrodden represented a definitive advantage, however, and a declaration of war on their part would resolve the dispute. Marx took the view that it was the destiny of history itself that this battle should take place, and that the victorious poor would usher in an age of justice and equality.