The balance of a payment is a systematic record of all its monetary transections with other countries of the world in a given period of time. i.e 1 year
4. The
balance of a payment is a systematic
record of all its monetary transections with
other countries of the world in a given
period of time. i.e 1 year
when we say “a country’s balance of
payments” we are referring to the
transactions of its citizens and
government.
5. Balance of Trade V/s Balance
of Payment
The
Balance of Payment takes into
account all the transaction with the rest
of the worlds
The
Balance of Trade takes into account
all the trade transaction with the rest of
the worlds
6. BCA + BKA + BRA = 0
where
BCA = balance on current account
BKA = balance on capital account
BRA = balance on the reserves account
Under a pure flexible exchange rate
regime,
BCA + BKA = 0
7. TYPES OF BALANCE OF
PAYMENT
The
Balance of Payments statement
comprises four major categories
Current
Account
Capital Account
Reserve Accounts
Errors & Omissions
8. Current Account
Includes
all imports and exports of goods
and services.
Includes unilateral transfers of foreign aid.
If the debits exceed the credits, then a
country is running a trade deficit.
If the credits exceed the debits, then a
country is running a trade surplus.
9. Capital Account
on
receipts side, short term and long-term
capital inflow receipts of foreign direct
investment and foreign debts are posted
Same items are written in payment side
while making payment.
11. Reserve Accounts
It
shows the foreign exchange position of
a country
Official reserve account has the records
of foreign official holding and increase
reserves of gold and foreign currencies
12. Errors & Omissions
The
entries under this head relate mainly
to leads and lags in reporting of
transactions
It is of a balancing entry and is needed to
offset the overstated or understated
components.
13.
14. IMPORTANCE OF BALANCE OF
PAYMENT
It
helps
1) State of International economic
relationship of country
2) A guide to its monetary.fiscal.exchange
& other polices.
3) Inform govt about the international
economic position of the country, to assist
in reaching decissions on the monetary
and fiscal polices
15. The
balance of payments analysis shows:-
whether it is paying for its import through
exporting goods, drawing down its foreign
assests or receiving donations
16. DISEQUILIBRIUM IN THE
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Types of BOP Disequilibrium:
There
are three main types of BOP
Disequilibrium which are discussed below:
Cyclical Disequilibrium,
Secular Disequilibrium,
Structural Disequilibrium.
17. General Measures to
Correct BOP Disequilibrium
To correct the different types of
disequilibrium in BOP the following general
measures are used:
Exchange depreciation (price effect) or
devaluation (by government)
Deflate the currency
Tariffs
Import quotas
Export duties
19. CAUSES OF DISEQUILIBRIUM IN
THE BOP
Cyclical
fluctuations
Short fall in the exports
Economic Development
Rapid increase in population
Structural Changes
Natural Calamites
International Capital Movements
20. MEASURES TO CORRECT ADVERSE
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
EXPORT
LED GROWTH
a) Instead Of exporting Raw material should
export Finished Goods
b) Reduction in Export Duties
c) Export Quality Products
21. MEASURES TO CORRECT ADVERSE
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
•
REDUCTION IN IMPORTS
a) Import
of Only Essential Items
b) Exchange Control
c) Substitutes for Imported Items
22. MEASURES TO CORRECT ADVERSE
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
MISCELLANEOUS
a) Population
b) Decrease
c) Control
Control
in Consumption
of Smuggling