Inside VCL

陳寬達 ( 陳昇瑋 ) 中央研究院資訊科學研究所 Inside V isual C omponent L ibrary

Outlines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Win32 開發環境 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

獨立的 4GB 位址空間－ Windows 95/98 架構 0xFFFFFFFF ~ 0xC0000000 1 GB 區域。用於 VxD 、記憶體管理、系統程式碼，所有 Win32 處理程序共享。 0xBFFFFFFF ~ 0x80000000 1 GB 區域。用於記憶體對映檔案及 Win32 DLL ，所有 Win32 程序共享。 0x7FFFFFFF ~ 0x00400000 2143289344 位元組，約 2044 MB ，每個 Win32 處理程序私有區域。 0x003FFFFF ~ 0x00001000 4190208 位元組，約 4 MB ，放置 DOS 及 Win16 應用程式。 0x00000FFF ~ 0x00000000 4096 位元組，用於偵測不合法指標。

獨立的 4GB 位址空間－ Windows NT 架構 2 GB 區域。用於作業系統、核心程式及驅動程式，應用程式無法存取。 0xFFFFFFFF ~ 0x80000000 0x7FFEFFFF ~ 0x00010000 2147352576 位元組，約 2047 MB ，每個 Win32 處理程序私有區域。 0x0000FFFF ~ 0x00000000 64 KB 區域。用於偵測不合法指標。 0x7FFFFFFF ~ 0x7FFF0000 64 KB 區域。用於偵測不合法指標。

多執行緒支援 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

何謂行程（ process ）？ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

何謂執行緒（ thread ）？ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

多執行緒程式 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

多執行緒的優劣 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

執行緒的分類 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Win32 API ,[object Object],[object Object]

DLL 釋名 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DLL 的重要性 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DLL 的重要性 ,[object Object]

DLL 的運作特徵 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DLL 的載入方式 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

檢視 DLL 提供的函式 E:INNTystem32>dumpbin /exports user32.dll Microsoft (R) COFF Binary File Dumper Version 5.00.7022 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1997. All rights reserved. Dump of file user32.dll File Type: DLL Section contains the following Exports for USER32.dll 0 characteristics 336A2A2A time date stamp Sat May 03 01:53:46 1997 0.00 version 1 ordinal base 634 number of functions 634 number of names ordinal hint name 1 0 ActivateKeyboardLayout (00015B1A) 2 1 AdjustWindowRect (0000D704) 3 2 AdjustWindowRectEx (00007D8E) 4 3 AnyPopup (00043ABB) 5 4 AppendMenuA (00011F57) 6 5 AppendMenuW (0002D7A4)

訊息驅動 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

處處皆訊息 ,[object Object]

訊息的傳遞方式 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

訊息處理機制 USER32.DLL 訊息迴圈視窗函式 messages post messages send / post messages while ( GetMessage (&Msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) { TranslateMessage (Msg); DispatchMessage (Msg); } switch (Msg.Message) { // 視窗建立時 case WM_CREATE: ... // 按下滑鼠左鍵 case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: ... // 按下按鍵時 case WM_KEYDOWN: ... // 關閉視窗時 case WM_CLOSE: ... }

傳遞視窗訊息 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],typedef struct tagMSG { // 訊息結構 HWND hwnd; UINT message; WPARAM wParam; LPARAM lParam; DWORD time; POINT pt; } MSG;

使用視窗訊息 ,[object Object],[object Object],procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Wnd: HWND; begin if wnd = FindWindow(nil, ' 小算盤 ') then begin PostMessage (Wnd, WM_KEYDOWN, WPARAM('1'), 0); PostMessage (Wnd, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0); end; end; procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Wnd: HWND; begin if wnd = FindWindow(nil, ' 小算盤 ') then begin SendMessage (Wnd, WM_SETTEXT, 0, LPARAM(PChar(' 測試，測試’ ))); end; end;

行程、執行緒、訊息佇列及訊息迴圈 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

行程、執行緒、訊息佇列及訊息迴圈行程執行緒訊息佇列程式碼視窗 C 視窗函式訊息迴圈視窗 C 視窗 D 視窗 D 視窗函式取出分派執行緒訊息佇列程式碼視窗 A 視窗函式訊息迴圈視窗 A 視窗 B 視窗 B 視窗函式取出分派工作執行緒程式碼

開發工具的型態及演進 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

開發工具的型態及演進 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Win32 開發工具的比較 ,[object Object]

VCL 的多重面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的原始碼面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的編譯後單元面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的類別及元件面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的執行檔面貌 ,[object Object],這是一個什麼事都沒做的 console mode 程式：大小只有 16K ，因為它只用到 RTL 的 System 單元，與 VCL 完全無關。而這個呢，是一個什麼事都沒做，但包含一個 form 的 VCL 程式： 292864 位元組減掉 16384 位元組等於 276480 位元組，多出來的這些就是 VCL 機械碼。 ,[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的 RunTime Package 面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的 Run-Time Package 面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的 Run-Time Package 面貌 ,[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 的 Run-Time Package 面貌

學習 VCL 類別架構 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

學習 VCL 類別架構 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別 ,[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TObject ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TObject ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TObject ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TObject ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],void foo(void) { TCat cat; // 在堆疊中建立 TCat 類別的 cat 物件 , 進入 foo 時才建立 cat.Meow(); // 呼叫 cat 物件的 Meow() 方法 } TCat cat; // 在資料節區中建立 TCat 類別的 cat 物件 , 程式啟動後即建立 void foo(void) { cat.Meow(); // 呼叫 cat 物件的 Meow() 方法 } void foo(void) { TButton* btn = new TButton(this); // 在累堆中建立 TButton 類別的 btn 物件 btn->Show(); // 呼叫 btn 物件的 Show() 方法 delete btn; }

VCL 核心類別－ TObject ,[object Object],[object Object],TCCalendar = class(TCustomGrid) private ... procedure WMSize(var Message: TWMSize); message WM_SIZE; end;

VCL 核心類別－ TPersistent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TPersistent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TPersistent = class(TObject) protected ... procedure AssignTo(Dest: TPersistent); virtual; public ... procedure Assign(Source: TPersistent); virtual; end;

VCL 核心類別－ TPersistent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 核心類別－ TPersistent ,[object Object],[object Object],{ TPersistent abstract class } {$M+} TPersistent = class(TObject) ... end; {$M-}

VCL 核心類別－ TComponent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別 ,[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別－ TControl ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別－ TWinControl ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別－ TGraphicControl ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別－ TCustomControl ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別分類 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 控制項類別分類 ,[object Object],:hwnd -c project1 Handle Class WinProc TID Module 03071A IME 77E952BA ED 00000000 030724 TForm1 00254477 ED 00010100 050732 TStaticText 011B0FAE ED 00000000 050730 TPanel 011B0FBB ED 00010000 03072E TButton 011B0FC8 ED 00000000 030718 TApplication 011B0FEF ED 0100:0000

VCL 控制項類別分類 ,[object Object]

VCL 控制項的擁有關係 ,[object Object],[object Object],任何不具視窗的 TControl 元件都必須以一個 TWinControl 元件為 parent 元件，也就是被一個 TWinControl 元件包含，它才能夠出現在畫面上。

VCL 控制項的擁有關係 ,[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 程式運作類別 ,[object Object]

VCL 程式運作類別－ TForm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL 程式運作類別－ TApplication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCL RAD 支援類別 ,[object Object]

TStream ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TFiler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

元件是啥咚咚？ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

為什麼要自行撰寫元件？ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

元件使用者 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

元件發展者 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

自製元件的種類 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

撰寫元件六大步驟 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

選擇父代類別 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

各類型元件的祖先類別

加強型元件－ TShellAboutLabel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ShellExecute(0, 'open', 'mailto:kuan@vclxx.com', nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);

加強型元件－ TFlatEdit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

功能型元件－ TWordCount ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

組合型元件－ TSuperListBox ,[object Object],[object Object]

對話盒元件－ TAboutBox ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

另起爐灶可視元件－ TRuler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

另起爐灶可視元件－ TGradientEdit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Real life samples from the lecturer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample 1 - TxColorMemo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample 1 - TxColorMemo ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sample 2 - TxMarquee ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample 3 - TxHexEdit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample 3 - TxHexEdit ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanisms behind RAD Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Run Time Type Information

Run Time Type Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where is RTTI ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unfold the RTTI Data of Objects ,[object Object],VMT structure: defined in System unit Pointer Instance Variable P: TMyObject Instance Data VMT Pointer ... Data field 1 Data field 2 Data field 3 Virtual Method Table ... -64 -60 -56 0 4 -4 ... Self Pointer Type Info Field Table Destroy First Virtual Method ... Init Table -76 PTypeInfo = ^TTypeInfo; TTypeInfo = record Kind: TTypeKind; Name: ShortString; {TypeData: TTypeData} end; Class function TObject.ClassInfo: Pointer;

What’s Inside the TTypeInfo Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Advantages RTTI Take to Programmers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use is And as Operator ,[object Object],[object Object],procedure TForm1.BtnTypeCastClick(Sender: TObject); begin if Sender is TMenuItem then ShowMessage(‘Menu: ’ + TMenuItem(Sender).Caption) else ShowMessage(‘Button: ’ + (Sender as TButton).Caption); end;

Know More Than Just Name Of Properties and Events ,[object Object],procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); var I : Integer; PropInfo: PPropInfo; begin for I := 0 to ComponentCount - 1 do begin PropInfo := GetPropInfo (Components[I]. ClassInfo , 'Color'); if PropInfo <> nil then SetOrdProp (Components[I], PropInfo, clRed); end; end;

Know More Than Just Name of Properties and Events ,[object Object],function IsDataAware(AComponent: TComponent): Boolean; var PropInfo: PPropInfo; begin // 檢查元件 AComponent 是否擁有 DataSource 屬性 PropInfo := GetPropInfo (AComponent.ClassInfo, 'DataSource'); Result := PropInfo <> nil; // 謹慎起見，檢查看看那個叫做 DataSource 屬性的型態是否為 TDataSource 或 // 其衍生類別 if Result then if not ((PropInfo^.Proptype^.Kind = tkClass) and ( GetTypeData (PropInfo^.PropType^).ClassType. InheritsFrom ( TDataSource))) then Result := False; end;

RTTI on Daily Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Streaming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Streaming Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Streaming Mechanism own write TWriter DFM file component TStream create WriteComponentRes function TStream.WriteComponent TStream.WriteComponentRes TStream.WriteDescent TStream.WriteDescentRes component component component component own component component component component Delphi RAD IDE / Programmer write

Multi-Appearance of Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],= =

What We Can Do in Streaming Process ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Additional Data in Stream object Form1: TForm1 ... object Timer1: TTimer Left = 264 Top = 176 end object Memo1: TMemo ... Lines.Strings = ( 'Memo1' 'Line 2' 'Line 3') end object StatusBar1: TStatusBar ... Panels = < item Width = 50 end item Bevel = pbRaised Width = 50 end item Width = 50 end> end end

Overrided TComponent.DefineProperties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],procedure TComponent.DefineProperties(Filer: TFiler); var Ancestor: TComponent; Info: Longint; begin Info := 0; Ancestor := TComponent(Filer.Ancestor); if Ancestor <> nil then Info := Ancestor.FDesignInfo; Filer. DefineProperty ('Left', ReadLeft, WriteLeft, LongRec(FDesignInfo).Lo <> LongRec(Info).Lo); Filer. DefineProperty ('Top', ReadTop, WriteTop, LongRec(FDesignInfo).Hi <> LongRec(Info).Hi); end;

Overrided TStrings.DefineProperties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],procedure TStrings.DefineProperties(Filer: TFiler); function DoWrite: Boolean; begin if Filer.Ancestor <> nil then begin Result := True; if Filer.Ancestor is TStrings then Result := not Equals(TStrings(Filer.Ancestor)) end else Result := Count > 0; end; begin Filer. DefineProperty ('Strings', ReadData, WriteData, DoWrite); end;

Streaming on Daily Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other Topics on Streaming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TComponent = class(TPersistent) published property Name: TComponentName read FName write SetName stored False; property Tag: Longint read FTag write FTag default 0 ; end;

Messaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Messaging USER32.DLL Message Loop (TApplication.ProcessMessage) TObjectInstance TObjectInstance TObjectInstance TObjectInstance TObjectInstance TObjectInstance WndProc Dispatch message method 1 message method 2 message method 3 ... DefaultHandler DefWindowProc window Forms.StdWndProc MainWndProc messages post messages send / post messages TWinControl ...

Opportunities of Intercepting Messages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TDog = class(TWinControl) private procedure WMLButtonDown(var Message: TWMLButtonDown); message WM_LBUTTONDOWN; procedure WMMouseMove(var Message: TWMMouseMove); message WM_MOUSEMOVE; end;

Other Topics on Window and Messaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hacking Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ClassWalk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to search classes ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Whether a Pointer points to a class ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VCLSpy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to achieve that ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Whether a Window is a TWinControl Component ,[object Object],[object Object],WindowAtom := GlobalAddAtom(StrFmt(AtomText, 'Delphi%.8X',[ProcessId])); Result := Pointer(GetProp(Handle, MakeIntAtom(WindowAtom)));

Be Aware of Non-Windowed VCL Controls ,[object Object]

Get Properties from Components of Other Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Inject Code into Other Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

善用除錯工具，縮短開發時間 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

資源保固機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],GetMem(p, 100); try ... // 儘情使用 p finally FreeMem(p); end; try ... Exit; // 離開此 procedure 或 function finally ... // 善後工作 end;

例外處理機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],GetMem(pBuffer, 1000); if (pBuffer = nil) then begin /* error processing code here; */ end; // 取得 x, 計算 x 的倒數 if x = 0 then begin /* error processing code here; */ end;

例外處理機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],try edtTotal.Text := IntToStr( StrToInt( edtOp1.Text ) / StrToInt( edtOp2.Text ) ); except on EDivByZero do ShowMessage( ' Cannot divide by zero ' ); on EConvertError do ShowMessage( ' Error during conversion ' ); end;

例外處理機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],try if numItems = 0 then raise EDivByZero.Create( ' Cannot divide by zero ' ) // ^ throw your own exception else edtAvg.Text := FloatToStr( sum / numItems ); except edtAvg.Text := FloatToStr(0.0); raise; // <- re-throw the same exception end;

例外處理機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],EInvalidBalance = class(Exception); raise EInvalidBalance.Create( 'Invalid Number');

例外處理機制 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assert 程序 ,[object Object],[object Object],procedure TForm1.SetID(Id: Integer); begin Assert((id) >= ID_MIN and (id <= ID_MAX )); ... // 正常處理 end; Assertion failed: test, file filename, line linenum

Assert 程序 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],void __fastcall TForm1::SetID(int id) { char *p = malloc(100); assert(p != NULL); ... };

OutputDebugString 除錯字串 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OutputDebugString 除錯字串 ,[object Object]

系統層級除錯器－ SoftICE ,[object Object]

系統層級除錯器－ SoftICE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

系統層級除錯器－ SoftICE

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

實作與理論 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

實作與理論 ,[object Object],[object Object],它們都是實作，可是理論都在裡頭。

實作與理論 ,[object Object],[object Object]

實作與理論 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

參考書目－ Delphi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

參考書目－ Windows Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

參考書目－ OOA / OOD / OOP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

參考書目－ Practical Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

參考書目－工具書 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Delphi 深度歷險 ,[object Object]

Delphi 深度論壇 ,[object Object]

Delphi 深度歷險 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THE END 有緣再見！陳昇瑋 http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~swc

Inside VCL

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