1. A short history ofsouth africa Cry, the Beloved country

3. The Dutch East India Company landed the first European settlers in 1652.

4. They were known as Boers or Afrikaaners and spoke a Dutch dialect known as Afrikaans.

5. The British settled in 1795 and took possession in 1815.

7. Cecil Rhodes, PM of Cape Colony, tried to spark a rebellion of outlanders to take over for the British.

8. When this failed, The Boer War broke out between the British and the Dutch.

9. This was the first guerrilla war where the enemy wore no uniform.

10. The Boers were defeated in 1910.

11. South Africa was now a British colony.

12. In 1910 the Union of South Africa was formed.

13. Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first PM and established the African National Congress in 1912 to represent the Africans.

15. South Africa was a Charter Member of the United Nations but refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

16. Apartheid (racial separation) dominated domestic politics as the Nationalists gained power. Restrictions were placed on all Coloreds (meaning any non-white person).

17. Black voters were removed from voter rolls in 1936.

18. The Group Areas Acts forced Africans to move from cities to rural townships where they lived in poverty under repressive laws.

20. The white supremacist National Party ruled for three decades.

21. Apartheid became an official policy for all.

22. Shanty-towns grew on the outskirts of major cities to first house workers for the mines and other industries then as the only refuge for the poor who could not survive on poor land.

24. The African National Congress was banned.

25. Its leader Nelson Mandela was jailed in 1964.

26. Black protests against apartheid grew stronger and more violent.

27. In 1976, an uprising in the black township of Soweto spread to other townships and left 600 dead.

29. CONDEMNATION International condemnation grew as the Arts and Entertainment industries began to popularise the cause. A number of films were made highlighting the situation for a common audience. (Including Cry Freedom, the bio-pic of activist Steven Biko.) The South African Cricket Team and other national representative sides were banned from participating in International Competition. (The South African Cricket Captain Tony Grieg left and later captained England.) Entertainers and Golf Players boycotted the opening of South African tourist resorts. A protest song was recorded. (Ain’tGonna Play Sun City).

31. The ban on the ANC was lifted.

32. Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years of imprisonment.

33. A multiracial forum in 1991 began working on a new constitution.

34. Apartheid was dismantled providing for a multiracial democracy with majority rule.

35. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.