Third session of the 2nd Concentrated Solar Power Training dedicated to Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination (CSP+D). * Suitable configurations * The energy lost method to global water & power efficiency comparison * Desalination integration into solar power plants: MED versus RO * CSP+D efficiencies estimation * CSP+D ongoing research

1. Dr. Julián Blanco Plataforma Solar de Almeria [email_address] CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER AND DESALINATION Solar Desalination Webinar #2 21 October 2010

3. Clear coincidence in the existence of water problems (arid and semi-arid zones) and the availability of abundant solar radiation SOLAR ENERGY & ARID ZONES The binomy WATER / ENERGY is always present  Water problems can be significantly reduced if energy is easily available. However if the energy is also a problem, the situation becomes much more complicated

6. Population size and renewable freshwater availability in MENA countries (1995 data and 2025 estimations) Water Status MENA Countries. Arab Water Council. 5th World Water Forum. Istanbul (2009) MENA FRESHWATER DEFICIT

7. Water Status MENA Countries. Arab Water Council. 5th World Water Forum. Istanbul (2009) Total water withdrawals from surface water and groundwater sources in several Arab countries (total consumption ≈ 220 billion m 3 /year) MENA FRESHWATER DEFICIT Current water deficit in the MENA region is estimated to exceed ONE NILE amount (about 60 billion m 3 /year) By the year 2050, it is estimated that this deficit will rise to 2.5 NILES

10. Conventional Rankine Cycle Power Plant STEAM POWER PLANT Degasifier Condenser Water at 36ºC Water at 31ºC Thermal Energy Generator Vapor at 70 mbar/40 ºC G Electricity Steam turbine Vapor at 100 bar/450 ºC Electric Energy Boiler Thermal Energy Vapor at 17 bar/225 ºC

11. 0,22 bar 62ºC MED Plant PR : 10 Distilled: 0,25 hm 3 /day Number of effects: 12 260 t/h of coal 633 MW Boiler Generator Degasifier Steam turbine Vapor at 100 bar/450 ºC Vapor at 17 bar/225 ºC G Electricity 50 mbar 35ºC Distilled Sea water Brine Thermal Energy Electric Energy DUAL POWER & DESALINATION Vapor at 63ºC

12. Typical power/water production ratio: 4:1 (MW e /hm 3 year ) . With this configuration a 250 MW gas turbine can deliver energy to produce about 66 hm 3 /year (180.000 m 3 /day) of desalinated water in a TVC-MED desalination plant DUAL CONFIGURATIONS Combination of desalination plant with gas turbine and heat recovery boiler

13. TVC-MED coupled with a gas power cycle ( 256 MWe ). If combined cycle -> additional 193.6 MWe would be produced Steam at 330ºC is produced from the waste heat recovery boiler, and used as live steam in the thermo-compressor. Saturated steam is extracted at 50ºC from an intermediate point of the desalination plant. Exhaust steam is obtained at 50ºC Combination of desalination plant with gas turbine and heat recovery boiler Total desalinated water energy cost = 27.15 kWh/m 3 Energy lost method: DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

14. Typical power/water production ratio: 3:1 (MW nominal power /hm 3 year ) . With this configuration a 100 MW steam turbine can deliver energy to produce about 33 hm 3 /year (90.000 m 3 /day) of desalinated water in a MED desalination plant Combination of desalination plant with high pressure boiler and steam turbine DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

15. Combination of desalination plant with gas turbine, heat recovery boiler and steam turbine Typical power/water production ratio: 9:1 (MW nominal power /hm 3 year ) . With this configuration a 1000 MW combined cycle can deliver energy to produce about 110 hm 3 /year (300.000 m 3 /day) of desalinated water in a MED desalination plant DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

16. Total desalinated water energy cost = 19.6 kWh/m 3 Saturated steam is extracted at 50ºC from an intermediate point of the desalination plant. Exhaust turbine steam is obtained at 50ºC TVC-MED coupled with a conventional 50 MWe steam cycle. Intermediate extraction is done at 204.3ºC (HP), to be used as live steam in thermocompressor DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

17. Exhaust steam at 70 ºC is used as thermal energy source for the desalination plant Total desalinated water energy cost = 4.5 kWh/m 3 LT-MED coupled with a conventional 50 MWe steam cycle DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

18. When water demand is stable all over the year but power demand substantially varies from summer to winter, the optimised desalination scenario involves hybrid configurations including reverse osmosis technology. Additional advantages of RO: reduced product water temperature and boron removal. Hybrid configurations DUAL CONFIGURATIONS

24. Conventional cooling systems at CSP plants are also very intensive in energy consume. A 50 MWe Solar Power Plant require 6 m 3 /MWh to cooling about 1600 m 3 /day , energy equivalent to a 25.000 inhabitants city When dry cooling is applied it is required ~3% higher investment and causes ~3% lower overall efficiency WET/DRY COOLING AT CSP Wet cooling tower Indirect dry cooling

31. CSP+TVC-MED ANALYSIS Overall CSP+D efficiency (%) Thermal Power to the cooling system (power block, MW th ) Suction flow of exhaust turbine steam at 42ºC (0.082 bar)

32. FINANCIAL STRATEGIES Electricity cost would be a function of the water cost: the reduced efficiency of the power cycle should be compensated by the water production but the electricity can be subsidized by water cost or vice versa Power Cost LEC (€/kWh) Water Cost LWC (€/m 3 ) Water is subsidized by power cost Intermediate strategy Power is subsidized by water cost

33. WATER & ELECTRICITY COSTS Analysis realized over ANDASOL 1 plant (50 MW PTC Solar Power Plant, Spain) FLAGSOL GmbH

35. PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERIA PSA is the biggest and most complete existing facilities to the research, testing and development of solar technologies and applications PSA is a Large European Research Installation of Scientific Excellence. PSA is a public research center belonging to the CIEMAT focused on concentrated solar processes and technologies CIEMAT is the Spanish scientific institution devoted to energy and environment

36. PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERIA

37. CSP+D TEST BED AT PSA 14-effects MED Plant Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump Rankine power cycle simulator

38. 14-effects MED Plant Steam cycle simulator CSP+D TEST BED AT PSA

41. Thank you very much for your attention