FPGA Architecture The document discusses FPGA architecture, including that FPGAs consist of an array of customizable logic blocks within an interconnect framework. It provides examples of Xilinx and Altera FPGA layouts that contain logic blocks, routing resources, and I/O blocks. FPGAs offer benefits over other programmable devices like high capacity, customization by end users, and fast time to market.

1. FPGA Architecture
Submitted by:-
Rohit Dhongde (B-41)
Sushant Burde (B-48)
Swapnil Dondal (B-49)
Vaibhav Deshmukh (B-52)
Presented to
Prof. P. P. Rane

2. FPGA – Introduction
• Based on the principle of functional
completeness
• FPGA: Functionally complete elements (Logic
Blocks) placed in an interconnect framework
• Interconnection framework comprises of wire
segments and switches; Provide a means to
interconnect logic blocks
• Circuits are partitioned to logic block size,
mapped and routed

3. FPGA – Abstract
• Two dimensional array of customizable logic
block placed in an interconnect array
• Like PLDs programmable at users site
• Like MPGAs, implements thousands of gates of
logic in a single device
•
• FPGAs offer the benefit of both MPGAs and
PLDs!

4. Classification OF FPGAS
Island Cellular
SRAM
Programmed Antifuse Programmed
channeled
EPROM
Programmed
Array
FPGA

5. Structure Of FPGA

6. Why FPGA?
• Quest for high capacity; Two choices available
• MPGA (Masked Programmable Logic Devices)
• Customized during fabrication
• Low volume expensive
• Prolonged time-to-market and high financial risk
• FPGA (Field Programmable Logic Devices)
• Customized by end user
• Implements multi-level logic function
• Fast time to market and low risk

7. • FPGA chips handle dense logic and memory
elements offering very high logic capacity
• Uncommitted logic blocks are replicated in an
FPGA with interconnects and I/O blocks

8. A Fictitious FPGA Architecture
(WithMultiplexerAsFunctionallyCompleteCell)
• Basic building block

9. Interconnection Framework
• Granularity and interconnection structure has caused a split in
the industry
 FPGA
– Fine grained
– Variable length
interconnect segments
– Timing in general is not
predictable; Timing
extracted after placement
and route

10. Technology of Programmable Elements
• Vary from vendor to vendor. All share the
common property: configurable in one of the
two positions – ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’
• Can be classified into three categories:
• SRAM based
• Fuse based
• EPROM/EEPROM/flash based
• Desired properties:
• Minimum area consumption
• Low on resistance; high off resistance
• Low parasitic capacitance to the attached wire
• Reliability in volume production

11. Anti-fuse Programming Technology
• Though implementation differ, all anti-fuse
programming elements share common property
• Uses materials which normally resides in high
impedance state
• But can be fused irreversibly into low impedance
state by applying high voltage

12. Anti-fuse Programming
Technology
• Very low ON resistance (faster implementation
of circuits)
• Limited size of anti-fuse elements;
interconnects occupy relatively lesser area
• Offset : larger transistors needed for programming
• One time programmable
• Cannot be re-programmed
• (design changes are not possible)
• Retain configuration after power off

13. Commercially Available
Devices
• Architecture differs from vendor to vendor
• Characterized by
• Structure and content of logic block
• Structure and content of routing resources
• To examine, look at some of available devices
• FPGA: Xilinx (XC4000)
• CPLD: Altera (MAX 5K)

14. Xilinx FPGAs
• Symmetric Array based; Array
consists of CLBs with LUTs and
D-Flipflops
• N-input LUTs can implement
any n-input boolean function
• Array embedded within the
periphery of IO blocks
• Array elements interleaved with
routing resources (wire
segments, switch matrix and
single connection points)
• Employs SRAM technology
Generic Xilinx Architecture

15. Altera’s FPGA Layout

16. Conclusion
 FPGA is a customize IC.It can implement most digital logic. BUT CPU
perform an operation by instructions.FPGA is more powerful
 Xilinx even have some FPGAs with up to two embedded IBM
PowerPC 405 processors on a small "corner" of the FPGA and up to
20 channels 10 Gbps serial ports. PowerPC processors are as the
name indicates very powerful, Apple uses PowerPCs in their
computers.
 FPGA Is Reconfigurable And Strongly Flexible.
 It can operate at very high clock speeds has ability to carry out very
very big and complex process
 The advantage of fpga is parrallel processing . So it is widely used in
high-speed and real-time processing field .